©G. Millbery 2003The Role and Impact of ICT: Legal, Moral and Social IssuesSlide 1 Module The Role and Impact of ICT: Legal, Moral and Social Issues

©G. Millbery 2003The Role and Impact of ICT: Legal, Moral and Social IssuesSlide 2 Rationale and Responsibility  The details given in the following slides are points for consideration.  On many occasions, a point has been made, but the advantages and disadvantages of the point have not been covered. This is intended to lead to discussion.  Questions asked are likely to be set within the context of a scenario and answers must be relevant to the scenario.  As the world of ICT moves quickly, it is YOUR responsibility to keep up with new innovations, etc.

©G. Millbery 2003The Role and Impact of ICT: Legal, Moral and Social IssuesSlide 3 Basis of Module  This module is a discussion module.  A discussion is an extension of an explain-type answer but the candidate also has to include a relevant conclusion.  The answers expected include a discussion of both the advantages and disadvantages.  It is therefore necessary to have a wide knowledge of the subject area and have an opinion.

©G. Millbery 2003The Role and Impact of ICT: Legal, Moral and Social IssuesSlide 4 Impact of ICT on Organisations  Change in organisational structure Increased technical departments Importance of support network for machines  Reduced number of employees Automation Increased technical services  Less office space/shop floor space Equipment is not compact Air conditioning

©G. Millbery 2003The Role and Impact of ICT: Legal, Moral and Social IssuesSlide 5 Impact of ICT on Organisations  Reliance on Computers Decrease of downtime  Changeover Training of staff Changeover of data Effect on customers during changeover period  Increase in employees? Network managers Technicians, etc.

©G. Millbery 2003The Role and Impact of ICT: Legal, Moral and Social IssuesSlide 6 How communication systems have changed our use of ICT - Travel  Video conferencing Advantages »Cost of travel »Cost of Time »Multiple people in a conversation »Complete accurate record of conference »Exchange of ideas Disadvantages »No face to face confrontation »Body language is limited »Time differences

©G. Millbery 2003The Role and Impact of ICT: Legal, Moral and Social IssuesSlide 7 How communication systems have changed our use of ICT - Privacy  Transmission of information worldwide Advantages »Use of Encryption »Circuit switching v packet switching for mail delivery »Personal Privacy implemented – personal life, financial Disadvantages »Employees misusing facilities »Governments and terrorism/crime »Tapping into signal

©G. Millbery 2003The Role and Impact of ICT: Legal, Moral and Social IssuesSlide 8 How communication systems have changed our use of ICT  Communication skills Spelling in s “r u ok” Verbal skills have less emphasis – more Body language not needed- and video conferencing Social skills limited as not required in on-line  Incorporation into everyday tasks and devices “Internet fridge” – linked to on-line ordering Transfer of data via shoes WAP phones, TVs phones, etc.  Use of networks/collaborative working Send s of work anywhere in the world and receive replies Sharing of ideas – Human Genome Project Use of internet for finding data – resources for research

©G. Millbery 2003The Role and Impact of ICT: Legal, Moral and Social IssuesSlide 9 Social Impact of ICT on Individuals  Eroding work/social boundaries through teleworking  The facility to shop from home on the Internet  Job satisfaction  Ease of tasks  Benefits to the disabled and elderly

©G. Millbery 2003The Role and Impact of ICT: Legal, Moral and Social IssuesSlide 10 Social Impact of ICT on Individuals  Shopping Advantages »Home deliveries »Availability of choice / size »No national boundaries Disadvantages »Problems returning »May not get required item, but a replacement »Cannot check quality »Dangers of fraud »Unemployment – small shops

©G. Millbery 2003The Role and Impact of ICT: Legal, Moral and Social IssuesSlide 11  Teleworking Advantages »Less pollution – traffic »Flexible working hours »Less money spent on child minders »More time to spend with family »No pressure of boss looking over shoulder Disadvantages »Less control over workforce »No social aspects of work »Less reliability over deadlines »Geographical diversity of employees Social Impact of ICT on Individuals

©G. Millbery 2003The Role and Impact of ICT: Legal, Moral and Social IssuesSlide 12 Social Impact of ICT on Individuals  Benefits to the disabled and elderly Advantages »Specifically designed hardware (e.g. puff-suck switch, foot mouse, etc) »No difference when on-line between one person and the next »Time for use (during the day) Disadvantages »Increased use clogging bandwidth »More discerning in spending of money – less profit

©G. Millbery 2003The Role and Impact of ICT: Legal, Moral and Social IssuesSlide 13 Social Implications of Computers  Changing Employment Locations Use of communication technology leads to geographically remote employees Teleworking increasing  Drawbacks of ICT Amount of personal data stored on computer Increased opportunity for criminal activities Time wasting – games, on-line, addiction Health Problems – RSI, Carpal Tunnel Syndrome  Dependence on Computers Social Dependence on chat rooms, etc. Power failure and consequences Virus and computer security  Retraining of Individuals

©G. Millbery 2003The Role and Impact of ICT: Legal, Moral and Social IssuesSlide 14 Impact of ICT on Society  Home  Education  Medicine  Commerce with reliance on automated systems such as ATMs

©G. Millbery 2003The Role and Impact of ICT: Legal, Moral and Social IssuesSlide 15 Impact of ICT on Society  Home Gadgets – Washing Machine, Microwaves, etc Control and protection of environment »Alarms, Ventilation, Heating Control of finances via internet Order food and goods without leaving the house  Education Computer Aided Learning (CAL) »Instant Feedback »Learning at the students pace »Re-cover ground not understood Distance Learning via technology » work »Video Conferencing Computer Based Training »Video »Simulators

©G. Millbery 2003The Role and Impact of ICT: Legal, Moral and Social IssuesSlide 16 Impact of ICT on Society  Medicine Expert Systems »(MYCIN) to aid diagnosis »Internet Dr Sites Databases of drugs and side effects Records of Patients »Use of to send records from Dr to hospital Monitoring – Intensive care beds Production of Prescriptions »Can even be sent to pharmacist

©G. Millbery 2003The Role and Impact of ICT: Legal, Moral and Social IssuesSlide 17 Impact of ICT on Society  Business Communication »Fax, Tele/Video Conferencing Storage of Information »Databases, Spreadsheets Management Information Systems  Commerce Transactions »Banks – Switch, EFTPOS »Internet and secure shopping »Advertising on the internet »Loyalty Cards and Points »ATMs – replace staff in banks

©G. Millbery 2003The Role and Impact of ICT: Legal, Moral and Social IssuesSlide 18 Impact of ICT on Society  Manufacturing Computer Aided Design »Simulations, Modelling Computer Aided Manufacture »Computer Controlled Robots  Greater consistency  Longer working hours  Geographically remote location  No need for windows, lights, etc Increase in support staff Decrease in skilled workers

©G. Millbery 2003The Role and Impact of ICT: Legal, Moral and Social IssuesSlide 19 Changing patterns of UK Workforce