Cognitive Behavioral Models of Support Presented by: Andy McNiel

ICEBERG ANALOGY

Piaget’s Learning Theory Accommodation – adjustment of internal structures to new ideas. Assimilation – the integration of new ideas with existing internal structures Adaptation

Piaget’s Learning Theory

Piaget’s Learning Theory Adaptation AccommodationAssimilation

Mental Constructs Family Faith Friends Hope Happiness Life

Erikson’s 8 Stages of Development presumption -- despairwisdomintegrity vs. despair VIII (50’s and beyond) -- old adult overextension -- rejectivitycare generativity vs. self- absorption VII (late 20’s to 50’s) -- middle adult promiscuity -- exclusivityloveintimacy vs. isolation VI (the 20’s) -- young adult fanaticism -- repudiationfidelity, loyalty ego-identity vs. role- confusion V (12-18 or so) -- adolescence narrow virtuosity -- inertiacompetenceindustry vs. inferiority IV (7-12 or so) -- school-age child ruthlessness -- inhibitionpurpose, courageinitiative vs. guilt III (3-6) -- preschooler impulsivity -- compulsionwill, determination autonomy vs.. shame and doubt II (2-3) -- toddler sensory distortion -- withdrawal hope, faithtrust vs.. mistrust I (0-1) -- infant Maladaptations & malignancies Psychosocial virtuesPsychosocial crisisStage (age) Chart adapted from Erikson's 1959 Identity and the Life Cycle (Psychological Issues vol 1, #1)

Developmental Tasks Overarching Themes… Ideals vs. Reality Existing Constructs vs. Emerging Constructs Meaning vs. Hopelessness Manifested Behaviors… Learning to deal with the emotions of grief Learning to live without the person who died Forming new relationships Formulating a new understanding of mental contructs

"Hope is both the earliest and the most indispensable virtue inherent in the state of being alive. If life is to be sustained hope must remain, even where confidence is wounded, trust impaired." Erikson’s 8 Stages of Psychosocial Development

Adapt your thinking to adjust to your new reality

Victor Emil Frankl Born in Vienna, March 26, 1905 Died September 2, 1997

Meaning of Life 1.Creativity- by creating a work or doing a deed 2.Experiencing-something or encountering someone 3.Control of Attitude- by the attitude we take towards unavoidable suffering Frankl, V. E. (1984). Man’s search for meaning (Revised and updated). New York: Washington Square Press/Pocket Books.

“When we are no longer able to change a situation…we are challenged to change ourselves.” Dr. Victor Frankl

Activities/Techniques: Telling Your Story Support Groups – Opening Circles Gestalt Approaches – Empty Chair Grief Rock Letter to the Deceased Letter from the Deceased

Activities/Techniques: Telling Your Story Memory Books Graffiti Wall Picture Book Making up a Story Sandtray Puppet Show Skits/Sketches Monologues

Activities/Techniques: Challenging Thoughts about Grief Story Telling Activities Stories about your future Imagine 10 years from now Most difficult thoughts/things

Activities/Techniques: Controlling Your Behavior Weak Words/Strong Words Think, Feel, Do Where do you want to be… Personal Goal Setting

Life brings both good and bad HILLS AND VALLEYS

When you are joyous, look deep into your heart and you shall find it is only that which has given you sorrow that is giving you joy. When you are sorrowful look again in your heart, and you shall see that in truth you are weeping for that which has been your delight. Kahlil Gibran, The Prophet

He who has a why to live for can bear with almost any how. -Nietzsche

Questions ?