Russia to USSR Previous to 1900 – European Power -Miss the Industrial Revolution -Massive disparity between rich and poor Karl Marx – Father of Communism – Lenin Attempt at Revolution

Uprising of 1904 Uprising in St. Petersburg and Moscow -Unrest of poor against leadership in Russia -Czar Nicolas II Key to any overthrow MILITARY -Shoot into crowd – uprising stopped.

WW I and Revolution -Russia drawn into war because of relationship with Albania -Lack of industry and preparation means disaster for Russian Military suffer massive casualties. -Leads to uprising again in St. Petersburg and Moscow - Military turns on Czar

REVOLUTION -Led by Lenin and Trotsky Bolsheviks attempt take over of government. -Military split between loyalty to Czar (White Army) and Revolution (Red Army) *West (France, Great Britain, US back White Army, supplies and men) RED ARMY prevails – Lenin and Bolsheviks take control of government

Beginnings of Cold War -Lenin and leadership already in distrust with West – Why? -Fear in west of communist spread – -Events in World - Depression

New Leadership in USSR Lenin Runs USSR -Within two years 1921 institutes some theories of capitalism back into USSR NEW ECONOMIC POLICY (some small business ownership) -Dies 1924 Joseph Stalin runs power play able to take over USSR and eliminates Trotsky. -

STALIN Lenin had written in will for Trotsky to take power Uses Alliance to oust Trotsky Beginning one of largest and most tyrannical leadership runs in history Takes USSR (Russia) backwards Agricutural Society to 2 nd most powerful military in world

Stalin - continued Instituted massive attempts at Industrialization – COMMAND ECONOMY –Five year Plans –Coal, Steel, Electricity, Machine goods Soviet Famine – million dead (Ukraine) - collectivization Great Purge – elimination of rivals (officers) WW II – forced to side with West (US, Britian)

MASSIVE RETALIATION Policy used by US in respect to USSR late 50’s into 60’s

U American Spy plane shot down over USSR US denies happens-Khrushchev shows plane wreckage and pilot (Gary Powers)

Powers tried as spy He is exchanged a year later for Soviet spy

CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS USSR begins production of missile silos in Cuba -US response--blockade of Cuba

CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS End result– Soviets agree to discontinue building and remove silos RED Phone – direct line between leaders of both USSR and US (prevent accidental military mishap) US removes missiles from Turkey within a year.

DOMINO THEORY If one country falls to communism the surrounding countries are likely to fall as well – and so on. Point for allowing US intervention in Vietnam and other countries throughout world US withdraws last troops from Vietnam (humiliating defeat for US)

TROUBLE NEAR HOME Late 60’s both Soviets and Americans struggle to maintain status quo in areas close to home US puts troops in Dominican Republic and advisors throughout Central America Soviet crush uprising in Czechoslovakia PRAGUE SPRING 1968

DETENTE Détente – softening of tensions between USSR and US during Cold War –Several times throughout Cold War: most notably 1970’s and SALT Treaties.

SALT Treaties Strategic Arms Limitation Treaties Two treaties I and II Designed to decrease the ever increasing production of nuclear weapons

AFGHANASTAN 1979 USSR invades Afghanistan Protecting communist government that existed at time in Afghanistan US responds by withdrawing SALT II, enacting grain and technology embargos on USSR boycott 1980 summer Olympics

INTENSING COLD WAR RONALD REAGAN Defeats Jimmy Carter in 1980 Presidential Election “leave the Evil Empire on the ash heap of history” Increased military spending and confronts Soviets with aggressive rhetoric