The Circulatory System MRS. J.A. FELICIANO PARKWAY MIDDLE SCHOOL © copyright all rights reserved

Quick Lab: Are you pulsating?  What is the pulse?  Find your pulse by placing the index and middle fingers of your right hand on your wrist at the base of your thumb in your left hand. You should feel your pulse.  What is causing this pulsating feeling?  What do you think is the rate (pulses per minute)?  What should the normal range of your pulse be? Stand away from your desk with enough space around you to do 5 minutes of exercise.  Find your pulse again by placing the index and middle fingers of your right hand on your wrist at the base of your thumb in your left hand.  Was there a change? Fill in the chart and answer the questions on your Human Body Handout.

Human Body Corporation: Cloze Activity  Use the note-taking handout and fill in correct answers as each topic is discussed in this lesson.  Fill in the Table of Contents in your Science Interactive Notebook with today’s lesson.  Glue the handout to your Science Interactive Notebook. Essential Question: What is the job of the circulatory system in the human body?

The Circulatory System  The circulatory system consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood.  It brings essential materials to all cells of the body and carries away cell wastes.  The circulatory system delivers oxygen needed by the cells to release energy from sugar molecules and carries back carbon dioxide to the lungs, where it is eliminated when air is exhaled.

The Heart  The heart is a hollow muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body.  Your heart is about the size of your fist.  Each time the heart beats, it pushes blood through the network of arteries and veins called the cardiovascular system.

Four Chambers of the Heart  The heart has two sides (right and left) that are separated by a wall of muscle called the septum.  Each side has two chambers, upper and lower.  Each upper chamber is called an atrium and receives blood that comes to the heart.  Each lower chamber is called a ventricle and pumps blood out of the heart.  The right atrium has pacemaker cells that use electrical impulses to control the heart rate.

Task: 30 minutes Draw or glue a diagram of the heart on the left side of your Science Interactive Notebook. 1.Color the different parts of the heart and label them. 2.Draw arrows to indicate the direction of blood flow.

Arteries, Capillaries, and Veins  Arteries are blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart.  Capillaries are tiny vessels that exchange substances between blood and body cells.  Veins are blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart.  Blood flows from arteries to capillaries, and from capillaries to veins.  The aorta is the largest artery in the body.

Four Components of Blood  Plasma is the liquid part of blood.  Most materials carried in the blood travel in the plasma: nutrients like glucose, fats, vitamins, and minerals, and chemical messengers that direct body activities.  It also carries waste away from the cells.  Red blood cells carry oxygen from the lungs to the cells in the body.  White blood cells fight diseases.  They alert the body when it is invaded by foreign organisms.  Different white blood cells surround and kill invading organisms.  Platelets are cell fragments that form blood clots and help to repair the cells and body.

Why is it important for a person to have a healthy heart?  List 3 reasons why a healthy heart is important.  List 2 conditions that affect the circulatory system.  Can the human body live without any of the organs discussed in class today? Explain your answer with support from text evidence.

The Respiratory System Essential Question: What is the role of the respiratory system?

Lung Capacity  Activity 2: The students will find out what affects our lung capacity. The students will be divided into groups to evaluate their lung capacity using a lung capacitor or balloons based on different variables.

What is the function of the respiratory system?  The respiratory system moves air containing oxygen into your lungs and removes carbon dioxide and water from your body.

Parts of the Respiratory System  Air, containing oxygen, enters the body through the nose.  The nasal cavity contains hairs that protect the body from airborne particles. (Sneezing)  The air passes into the pharynx, or throat.  It then passes into the trachea, or windpipe, where tiny hair-like extensions known as cilia sweep mucus up to the pharynx. (Coughing)  Air then moves into the bronchi, which are passages to the lungs, which are the main organs of the respiratory system.  The lungs consist of alveoli (singular: alveolus ), which are tiny sacs through which gases in the blood are exchanged.

Breathing  Breathing is controlled by rib muscles and the diaphragm.  When you breathe, your rib muscles and the diaphragm muscle work together, causing air to move into or out of your lungs.  This airflow allows the exchange of gases that occurs in your lungs.

How do the circulatory system and the respiratory system work together to maintain homeostasis?  After air enters the alveolus, oxygen passes through the wall of the alveolus and then through the capillary wall into the blood.  Carbon dioxide and water pass from the blood into the alveolus.  This whole process is called gas exchange.  Gas exchange is aided by the many alveoli in the lungs.

Why is it important for a person to have a healthy lungs?  List 3 reasons why healthy lungs are important.  List 2 conditions that affect the respiratory system.  Can the human body live without any of the organs discussed in class today? Explain your answer with support from text evidence.

 What is the major organ of the circulatory system?  What is the major organ of the respiratory system?  How do the circulatory and respiratory systems work together to maintain homeostasis? Summative Assessment Quick Write: Reflection Students are required to defend their answers with a text narrative or illustration.