Unit 1 Organization of the Human Body

OBJECTIVES Define Anatomy and Physiology Describe the Structural Organization of the Human Body Explain how the systems relate to one another Define the important life processes of humans

Definitions Anatomy – the study of structure Physiology – the study of function

Levels of Organization 6 levels relevant to human anatomy and physiology Chemical Cellular Tissue Organ System Organism

Body Systems 11 main systems to know: Integumentary, Skeletal, Muscular, Nervous, Endocrine, Cardiovascular, Lymphatic/Immune, Respiratory, Reproductive, Digestive, Urinary

Body System Project You and your partner (that’s the person you are sitting next to in class) will be assigned one of the 11 systems. You will have to present this system to the class

Body System Project You can use power point or simply present to the class using the white board, posters, overheads, etc… The information you must include: Name of system, diagram of system, components of the system, functions of the system, how it interacts with at least one other system and diseases/pathology associated with the system

Life Processes No definition of life…so how do we know??? Certain characteristics that set living things apart from non-living things

Metabolism All the chemical processes that happen in the body All of the life processes considered together Anabolism – small molecules are combined to form larger ones (synthesis) Catabolism – large molecules are broken down into smaller ones (hydrolysis)

Responsiveness The ability to detect AND respond to changes in the internal and external environment

Movement/Transport Motion of the whole body Motion of individual organs Motion of single cells Movement of materials into/out of structures

Growth Increase in body size due to: Increasing the size of existing cells Increasing the number of cells Increasing the amount of material surrounding the cells

Differentiation The process by which unspecialized cells (stem cells) become specialized. Results in a change in both structure and function

Reproduction Formation of new cells for growth or repair. (Mitosis) Production of new individuals

Although not ALL of these processes are happening in all the cells all the time, when they do not occur properly cell death may occur which can lead to tissue damage then to organ failure then death of the organism.