“…WAS THE CROSSROADS OF OUR BEING, AND IT WAS A HELL OF A CROSSROADS” - SHELBY FOOTE, HISTORIAN The Civil War

Ft Moultrie, site of first US naval victory in 1776 was built of Palmetto logs Charleston, South Carolina

Firing the first shot Firing the first shot at 4:30am, April 12 Confederates seize all Federal property except Sumter and fort in Pensacola, where loyal troops resist. Major Anderson needs food and water Lincoln decides to send it Beauregard fires on fort Edmund Ruffin

Inside the fort today

The fort took a pounding… An artillery shell in the inner wall… Only a horse was killed in the battle…

Mary Chesnut’s A Diary From Dixie Published 1905 Wife of James Chesnut, Jr., United States Senator from South Carolina, ,  and afterward an Aide to Jefferson Davis and a Brigadier-General in the Confederate Army

Overview of the North’s Civil War Strategy: Winfield Scott’s “Anaconda” Plan Overview of the North’s Civil War Strategy: Winfield Scott’s “Anaconda” Plan

Why did both sides feel fairly confident of victory? NorthSouth Advantages?? Disadvantages??

Economic and Demographic Data…

Railroad Lines, 1860

Slave/Free States Population, 1861

Immigrants as a % of a State’s Population in 1860

Soldiers’ Occupations: North/South Combined

NORTH&SOUTH Describe the social and economic changes that accompanied the war.

Financing the War

Extensive Legislation Passed Without the South in Congress 1861 – Morrill Tariff Act 1862 – Homestead Act 1862 – Legal Tender Act - greenbacks 1862 – Morrill Land Grant Act 1862 – Pacific Railway Act 1863 – Emancipation Proclamation (exec order) (1/1/1863) 1863 – National Banking Act 1865 – 13 th Amendment to Constitution

Battle of Bull Run or the Battle of 1 st Manassas July, 1861 Battle of Bull Run or the Battle of 1 st Manassas July, 1861

Peninsula Campaign 1862 McClellan, the Virginia Creeper

Battle of Shiloh

Battle of Antietam, September ‘62

How did the Emancipation Proclamation change the country economically and socially?

What kind of President was he? What were his wartime accomplishments?

Lincoln’s Generals Irwin McDowell Winfield Scott Little Mac Again! McClellan George McClellan Ambrose Burnside George Meade Ulysses S. Grant John Pope Joseph Hooker

The Confederate Flags and Seal MOTTO  “With God As Our Vindicator” First Flag (“The Stars and Bars”) Second Flag

The Confederate “White House” Richmond

What was Davis like? Compare his leadership to Lincoln’s.... ? Pres. Jefferson Davis VP Alexander Stevens

A Northern View of Jeff Davis

PGT Beauregard The Confederate Generals Jeb Stuart James Longstreet George Pickett “Stonewall” Jackson Nathan Bedford Forrest Robert E. Lee

What role did blacks – slave and free play - during the war?

After Antietam: The Battles

Gettysburg, PA

Vicksburg, Mississippi

Sherman’s Invasion of Georgia From Tennessee to Atlanta Lincoln’s reelection secured after Atlanta captured March to the Sea: Savannah for Christmas!

Grant’s March into Virginia Wilderness Spotsylvania Cold Harbor

Seige of Petersburg: June 64-April 65 and the Battle of the Crater, July 1864 Lieutenant J.J. Scroggs 5th U.S.C.T., 3rd Brigade, 3rd Division J.J. Scrogg's Diary and Letters “Hardly had the tremendous explosion taken place when it was succeeded by another and more terrible roar burst with an awful crash from the iron throats of one hundred pieces of artillery. For one hour without cessation or interval the iron storm raged over our heads…” “Petersburg” National Park Service, Dept of the Interior, Sept 18, (Dec 15, 2009).

Thomas Nast in Harper’s Weekly : The Surrender at Appomattox, (Palm Sunday April 9, 1865)

Johns Wilkes Booth Changed Everything