Renewable Energy for Indian Railways Ministry of New and Renewable Energy Government of India Dr. Arun K Tripathi Sr. Director

WHY RENEWABLES ? Increasing energy demand - supply gap Need to reduce dependence on fossil fuels Increasing cost of electrification to cover villages in far- flung and remote areas High availability of solar, wind, biomass and hydel resources in India Small size, modularity and low gestation periods which favour quick capacity additions Successful demonstration of renewable energy technologies and their viability with declining costs Increasing environmental concerns which favour renewables as they are environmentally benign

WHY RENEWABLES FOR INDIAN RAILWAYS Railway sector growth 8-9% Progressive shift of freight traffic to railways 80% of rail freight and 60% passenger traffic on electric energy by 2030 Electricity demand to go 100 billion kWh by 2030 for railway sector alone in India. The current trends indicates constraints in indigenous availability of conventional energy resources. Increasing cost of Conventional Power and decreasing trend in cost of Reenwable Power World trend to achieve min. 25% through RE by 2020 in transport sector leader Germany, Sweden, USA. Current share of RE Power is 13%(installed Capacity) which is planned to 20% by 2030 Fuel diversity No space constraint in Railways

Indian Power Sector at a Glance FuelMW%age Total Thermal1,77, Coal1,53, Gas Oil Hydro (Renewable) Nuclear 4, RES** (MNRE) Total 2,55, Renewable Energy Sources(RES) include SHP, BG, BP, U&I and Wind Energy SHP= Small Hydro Project,BG= Biomass Gasifier,BP= Biomass Power, U & I=Urban & Industrial Waste Power, RES=Renewable Energy Sources

Estimated Renewable Power Potential S. No. ResourceEstimated Potential (In MW eq. ) 1.Wind Power (as per C-WET estimates at 80 m hub height) ~ 100,000 2.Solar Energy> 7,50, MW/ sq. km. 3.Small Hydro Power (up to 25 MW)20,000 4.Bio-Power: Agro-Residues17,000 Cogeneration - Bagasse5,000 Waste to Energy: - Municipal Solid Waste to Energy - Industrial Waste to Energy 2,600 1,280 Total>8,95,880

INDIAN RAILWAYS ItemNumber Zones18 Production Unit8 Institutes6 Divisions68 PSUs14 Others3

ZONAL RAILWAY ZonesStatesSolar Potential (kWh/m 2 /day) Wind Potential (Watt/sq. mt) CentralKarnataka, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh >5 to EasternBihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal4 to East CentralBihar, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh*, Uttar Pradesh 4 to 5<200 East CoastAndhra Pradesh*, Orissa4 to 5<200 (majority) NorthernChandigarh, Delhi, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh*, Jammu & Kashmir*, Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand* 4 to North CentralHaryana, Madhya Pradesh*, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh 4 to 5<200 * Small hydro potential

ZONAL RAILWAY ZonesStatesSolar Potential (kWh/m 2 /day) Wind Potential (Watt/sq. mt) North EasternHaryana, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh 4 to 5<200 North East Frontier Arunachal Pradesh*, Assam*, Bihar, Manipur, Mizoram, Nagaland*, Tripura, West Bengal >2 to to 5 < (in some places) North WesternGujarat, Haryana, Punjab, Rajasthan 4 to SouthernAndhra Pradesh*, Karnataka, Kerala, Pondicherry, Tamil Nadu 4.5 to South CentralAndhra Pradesh*, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh* 4.5 to South EasternJharkhand, Orissa, West Bengal4 to 5.5<200 * Small hydro potential

ZONAL RAILWAY ZonesStatesSolar Potential (kWh/m 2 /day) Wind Potential (Watt/sq. mt) South East CentralChhattisgarh*, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Orissa 5 to 6<200 South WesternAndhra Pradesh*, Goa, Karnataka*, Tamil Nadu 5 to WesternGujarat, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh*, Rajasthan 4 to West CentralMadhya Pradesh*, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh 5 to kWh/m 2 /day: Good<200 Watt/sq. mt: Low 5-6 kWh/m 2 /day: Very Good Watt/sq. mt: Good >6 kWh/m 2 /day: Excellent> Watt/sq. mt: Very Good

ENERGY USE IN RAILWAYS FOR  Rolling stock manufacture, maintenance and disposal  Train operation.  Infrastructure construction and maintenance  Administration of transport business.  Energy production and trade. TIME 24 X 7 X 365 SOURCES GRID Power+ DG Set + Renewable (very Low)

SPACE/COST REQUIREMENT FOR RE TECHNOLOGY RE TechnologyUseful life (years) SpaceCost Solar based power Plant (PV/Thermal) 25PV: 4-6Acres/MW Thermal: acres/MW PV: 6-7 Cr/MW Thermal: Cr/MW Wind based power Plant 255 Acres/MW5.75 Cr/MW Small Hydro352 Acre/MW Cr/MW Biogas20500 sq. m / 1 Ton/day plant 30 lac/Ton Biomass201 Acre/MW4.5-5 Cr/MW

SPACE/COST REQUIREMENT FOR RE TECHNOLOGY RE TechnologyUseful life (years) SpaceCost Solar thermal (flat plate ) 252 M 2 /100 LPDRs /100 LPD Solar thermal (concentrated ) 2535 sq m/one dish 16 sq m aper.area /sq m (single axis) /sq m (double axis) 20-30% for accessories Solar thermal air conditioning plant 2510 sq m /TR 2.5 Lakh/TR

RE for Indian Railways Wind Energy On-site power generation Off-site power generation Solar Energy Roof-top solar PV plants MW Solar PV/Thermal plants Flat plate/Concentrating solar thermal system for (water heating, steam generation, cooking etc.) Small Hydro Energy (Off site power generation) Waste to Energy generation From Kitchen Waste, Solid Waste, Sewage waste water Agri. Waste on Railway Lands.

ROOF TOP SPV PLANT AT STATIONS StationNumberElectrical LoadRenewable Potential Category A1586 MW/2MW30 MW Category A284100kW/500kW/1 MW104 MW Category B23725kW/200 kW12 MW Category C42910kW/100 kW15 MW Category D93210kW/50kW/100kW 7 MW Category E42745kW/10kW/50kW25 MW Category F20272kW/5kW/10kW7 MW TOTAL MW Potential At Station Load Varies from station to station because of Scale of amenities, signalling load, yard size, Maintenance facility, PRS/UTS location, Pumping installation, Inclusion of quarter load, Parcel, More space more facility creation, more load requirement

ROOF TOP SOLAR PV PLANT ItemNumberElectrical LoadRenewable Potential Work shop/shed45/ KW-1-3 MW15 MW Administrative building kW-500KW- 2MW 5 MW Freight terminal (goods shed)1772/9925 KW to 10 KW15 MW College/School1/ KW3 MW Training school KW3 MW Hospital125/586* (health unit) 100 kW-1 MW3 MW L-xing32735 (14896 UM) <500W/xing1.5 MW Quarter3,00,0001 KW to 5 KW20MW Total65 MW

SOLAR THERMAL (FLAT PLATE) SYSTEMs ItemNumberRequirement assessment Potential LPD Workshop/shed45/ lpd22.5 lakh Base kitchen796(IR+IRCTC) Canteen 300lpd/ Base Kitchen, 100lpd/canteen 3 lakh College/school1/221(44792 wards )1 lakh QuarterType IV & above 100lpd8 lakh Hospital lpd1.25 lakh Division(crew lobby, retiring room, dormatory, rest house, etc) lpd50 lakh Manufacturing unit81,00,000lpd8 lakh Institutes61000lpd6000 Total93 lakh

SOLAR THERMAL (CONCENTRATED) SYSTEM STEAM COOKING/APPLICATION ItemNumberRequirementPotential Base kitchen796(IR +IRCTC) meal per day* 50,000 sq mt Institutes College/ school / training school 6/ 1/221/ meal per day* 16,000 sq m Mechanized Laundry 52(10 functional) 7 Ton and above 400 sqm (flat plate air collector)/1.5 ton /batch Total66000 sq m * 3-4 dish sufficient for 250 meals, bigger size lower heat loss..

SOLAR THERMAL AIR-CONDITIONING SYSTEM ItemNumberElectrical load Potential Adm Building(Zonal rly,Manufacturing unit, Institute, DRM office head quarter office), kW- 500 kW kW/Admn building A1/A class station58/ kW- 250 kW kW/station Can help in reduction of maximum peak demand and associated tariff.

ARUN160, installed at Latur for milk pasteurisation and its focus on focus plate– June 2005

Solar Power in Rajasthan