WAIMH Henry VIII

The English Reformation England was a likely breeding ground for Protestantism, but its advance was slow. England had a reputation for maintaining the authority of the crown against the pope Geographic isolation allowed for certain independence There were already many secret Protestants. Lollardy and Humanism also were influences. By 1524, illegal English-language Bibles were circulating

Henry VIII (1509-1547) Early 1520s ideas from the Reformation began to reach England (Catholic) King Henry VIII was guided by Sir Thomas More (humanist) to oppose the spread of Protestantism in England Henry VIII wrote “In Defense of the Seven Sacraments” (1520) In 1521, same year of Luther’s excommunication, Henry given “Defender of the Faith” by Pope Leo X

The King’s Affair Henry married Catherine of Aragon and produced a female heir (Mary), but no male heir. Henry believed God cursed their marriage b/c Henry married his brother’s wife after his death

Henry became enamored with Anne Boleyn but could not divorce b/c of the Catholic religion w/o papal annulment Cardinal Wosley petitioned the Pope but was denied

Catherine was aunt to Emperor Charles V who controlled the papacy and Pope Clement VII and would not grant Henry an annulment Thomas Cranmer, Lutheran advisor, was appointed to Archbishop of Canterbury and annulled the marriage 1533, Henry wed Anne Boleyn

1534 Henry broke with Rome and the “Reformation Parliament” made Henry the “head of the church in England” (Anglican) The Act of Succession (1534) legitimized any future children (unborn Elizabeth) with Anne Boleyn as heirs to the throne Declared Mary a bastard

The Act of Supremacy Read the document. Answer #1-3 Made Henry VIII and his successors the heads of the Anglican Church and its clergy. Henry VIII maintained the position as King of England (political) and Head of the Anglican Church (religious)

1536 Thomas Cromwell, aid to Henry, closed English monasteries, seized Church lands and properties and awarded those loyal to the King Dec. 17, 1538, Pope Paul III excommunicated Henry VIII

Thomas More Close spiritual advisor to Henry VIII Executed in 1536 for rejecting Henry’s leadership of the English Church Made a saint by the Catholic Church

Wives of Henry VIII Anne Boleyn—executed for adultery Jane Seymour—died during birth of Ed VI Anne of Cleves—annulled by Parliament Catherine Howard—beheaded for adultery Catherine Parr—survived Henry to marry a fourth time

Results of English Reformation The break with Rome was the only Protestant character of the Anglican Church 1539, Parliament passed the Statute of the Six Articles retained priests, seven sacraments, and symbols and theology of Catholicism

Edward VI and the English Reformation P. 425 Describe the path of the Protestant Reformation in England under the leadership of Henry VIII’s son, Edward VI England under Edward I (1547-1553) was Anglican (Calvin) with a number of dissenter communities A Book of Common Prayer and The Act of Uniformity provided simpler ways of worship