1. The Protestant Reformation Part D

2. Why did England’s King Henry VIII break away from the Catholic Church?
His wife, Catherine of Aragon (Spain), had failed to produce a male heir, and thus had failed to produce a future King of England, and thus had failed to perpetuate the Tudor (Henry VIII’s family name) Dynasty
They did have a daughter named Mary, though
Henry wanted the Pope to annul his marriage to Catherine, but the Pope refused

3. 2. In 1533, what did Thomas Cranmer, the Archbishop of Canterbury declare?
That King Henry VIII’s marriage to Catherine of Aragon was null and void
3. Who did Henry VIII then marry?
Anne Boleyn

4. 4. Did Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn have a child?
Yes, Anne Boleyn gave birth to a daughter who would eventually become Queen Elizabeth I
Henry VIII eventually had Anne Boleyn executed by beheading on grounds of adultery, incest, and treason
5. In 1534, England’s Parliament (a law-making assembly) declared that the English king was what?
The Supreme head of the Church of England (The Anglican Church)

5. 6. Thus, in England, who was no longer the head of the English Church?
The Pope was no longer the head of the Church in England
England was now Protestant, and Henry VIII was the head of the Anglican Church

6. 7. What English Catholic was beheaded because he opposed the actions of Henry VIII?
Sir Thomas More
8. What happened to the vast Catholic properties (lands and buildings) in England?
Henry VIII took them over

7. 9. Who took over after Henry VIII died in 1547?
Henry VIII’s sickly son, Edward VI, the son of Henry VIII’s third wife, became king
10. Under Edward VI, the Anglican Church became more what in flavor?
Protestant (theology and worship style)

8. 11. After Edward VI died young, who became England’s queen in 1553?
Mary Tudor, the Catholic daughter of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon
12. To what religion did Queen Mary try to restore England?
Catholicism

9. 13. Why did Mary Tudor become known as “Bloody Mary?”
She had hundreds of Protestants killed
Oddly enough, when her half-sister Elizabeth (a Protestant) became Queen a few years later, Elizabeth had many Catholics put to death. But she is not particularly famous for killing Catholics

10. 14. Ultimately, England would return to what?
Protestantism, under Queen Elizabeth I, the last Tudor monarch
15. Who were the Anabaptists?
Protestants who rejected the practice of infant baptism, a practice retained by Lutherans and most Calvinists

11. 16. Regarding church and state, Anabaptists often believed what?
Church and state should be separate
17. Regarding war and violence, some (but certainly not all) Anabaptists were what?
Pacifists (they did not believe in fighting wars)

12. 18. What are some Protestant denominations with roots in Anabaptism?
Some Baptists
Mennonites
Quakers

13. 19. What was the Counter-Reformation (the Catholic Reformation)?
An effort by the Catholic Church to reform itself in the 1500s
In particular, the Catholic Church worked to rid itself of the corrupt practices that had helped inspire the Protestant Reformation

14. 20. Who were the Jesuits?
A Catholic order founded by a Spaniard, Ignatius of Loyola
21. Loyola’s Society of Jesus (The Jesuits) was loyal to whom?
The Pope

15. 22. The Jesuits were dedicated to what?
An upright and pure spiritual life
23. In terms of vocations, the Jesuits often did what kinds of work?
Missionary work
Teaching (By the way, Spring Hill College in Mobile is a Jesuit College, founded in the 1800s)

16. 24. The missionary and teaching activities of the Jesuits helped slow the spread of what?
Protestantism

17. 25. What was the Council of Trent, a Church council that began in 1545?
A council of Catholic bishops, abbots, and theologians who responded to Protestant teachings
At Trent, the Catholic Church reaffirmed its traditional teachings on faith and good works, the seven sacraments, Purgatory, and the celibacy of the clergy (Priests, monks, nuns)

18. 26. What did the Council of Trent say about indulgences?
It reformed the use of indulgences, and banned the sale of them
27. By codifying its teachings at Trent, the Catholic Church emerged what?
More energized and confident to confront the rising tide of Protestantism

19. 28. What other Catholic institution was reformed?
The Papacy
After the Reformation, the Popes were more devout and less corrupt