Europe In Crisis: Wars of Religion Section 1 Religious & political conflicts between Catholic & Protestant in Europe.

French Wars of Religion-1560 Conflict Causes –Calvinist vs. Catholics- militant religions –Economic, social & political problems France –Huguenots: French Protestants John Calvin 7% French pop,but 40-50% of nobility –Threatened Catholic monarchy –Ultra Catholics oppose

French Wars of Religion Catholics vs. Huguenots –civil war 30yrs –factors besides religion: Towns & provinces resisted monarchy –Support Huguenots=weaken monarchy

French Wars of Religion 1589: Henry of Navarre (King Henry IV of France)- Huguenot Converted to Catholicism (people’s acceptance) Edict of Nantes (1598): –Catholicism official religion –Huguenots right to worship & equal political rights

Spanish Wars of Religion King Philip II of Spain ( ): – “The Most Catholic King” –militant Catholicism God’s chosen nation- Christianities protectors –Goal: consolidated Spanish lands Spain, Netherlands, pieces of Italy & Americas Used strict Catholicism & Spanish Control

Spanish Wars of Religion Spanish Netherlands & problems –Calvinists –Against Catholic Span’s rule = war –1609 United Provinces of the Netherlands established Philip II bankrupt - too much $ on war –Power from Spain to France & Britain

England Protestant or Catholic ? Tudor dynasty =unity Not absolute monarchs-Parliament set limits Mary (aka Bloody Mary) –Catholic –Protestant nobles dislike, but people love –attacks Protestants –Die & Protestant ½ sister, Elizabeth takes throne

Elizabeth I –Virgin Queen Protestant Focus -common good of her people Protestants vs. Catholics problem –Repealed Catholic favoring Laws Act of Supremacy: – “only supreme governor” church & state –Church of England-Protestant moderate Protestantism Leader of Protestant Europe

Elizabeth’s Foreign Policy Foreign Policy: –Moderate avoid war Balance Spain & France - supported weaker of 2 Philip II ( Spain) -invades England – Goal: expand Catholicism –Sends Armada – no $ Defeated by English EFFECT: –Spain looses power –England & France gain power