1. Chapter 7, Section 1: Crisis in Europe
Quick review multiple choice from Ch5
Finish trade routes map / begin Ch7
Reading notes (p )
3. Illustration for section 1(2nd, 5th)
Students will be able to explain how religious conflict impacted the reigns of
The monarchs of England, France, Spain.

2. Chapter 7, Section 1 Europe in Crisis: The Wars of Religion
Be able to explain how the Protestant Reformation contributed to the Wars of Religion in Europe in the 16th century.

3. Take a few minutes to finish up the packet from Friday.

4. Review
Protestant Reformation = Martin Luther, 95 Theses, split from Catholic Church
Other denominations begin to spread  Calvinism spreads to Switzerland,
France, and The Netherlands
Catholic powers = not happy!
Today, we’re focusing
on how the differences
in religions caused
Conflict between
Monarchs (kings/queens)
And the people.

5. FRANCE

6. French Wars of Religion
By 1562, tensions boiled over between Calvinists (Huguenots) and Catholics as they competed for authority in Europe.
This led to out right war, which is called the French wars of Religion or the French Civil War

7. The Huguenots (French Calvinists)
Huguenots made up only 7% of the French population, but % of them were nobles (some in line for the throne) with power within the government

8. Catherine de Medici Family from Florence, Italy
Wife of Henry II, King of France
Regent for sons (ruled in their name)
Ruled because sons too young / incompetent (Francis II (died after a little over a year in power); Charles IX, mentally incompetent); Henry III (inefficient)

9. St.Bartholomew’s Day Massacre
Swift execution of Huguenots beginning at a wedding (Within 3 days- 20,000 Huguenots killed)
King Charles IX: “But then you must kill all the Huguenots in France so that none shall be left to reproach me. Kill them all! Kill them all!”

10. Henry of Navarre
In 1589 Henry of Navarre (a nobleman and Huguenot) succeeded to the throne of France and a series of battles and was named Henry IV
Henry IV immediately converted to Catholicism (“Paris is worth a mass”)
The Edict on Nantes allowed religious tolerance for Huguenots
Edict: an official order or proclamation issued by a person in authority.

11. SPAIN

12. The Habsburg Dynasty
Remember Charles V from the
Reformation?

13. Philip II of Spain
Philip II was the “most Catholic King” of Spain whose main goal was to consolidate (unite under his control) his lands which included Spain, Central and South America, the Netherlands, and parts of Italy
Philip II was sure that God had chosen Spain to save Catholicism from the Protestant heretics (people against God)

14. The Empire of Philip II

15. Philip’s Reality
However, in reality Spain was broke, it had used up all of it’s treasury to fight wars and live lavishly.
Philip had allowed Spain’s once mighty military to become outdated
Power had actually shifted to France and England

16. ENGLAND (but we’ll come back to SPAIN)

17. The Tudors of England

18. England
Elizabeth Tudor became Queen of England in 1558 and immediately took control of the government and the church
The Church of England would be a moderate form of Protestantism

19. Elizabeth I ( )
The red-haired daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn, she became England’s greatest leader.
She kept control of England by refusing to marry anyone (no alliances)
She kept religious wars down, advanced exploration, became a patron of the arts, and brought England to the position of world power with the defeat of the Spanish Armada

20. Spain v. England
A long awaited showdown between England and Spain finally occurred in 1588
Philip II launched an invasion of England

21. Philip’s Motives
Philip II had two major motives for the invasion: 1. To finally put an end to the Church of England (Protestantism) and bring back Catholicism to England 2. He had been informed that the Queen had been responsible for the piracy of Spanish ships returning from the Americas

22. The Spanish Armada(or Fleet)
130 ships with 1150 cannons vs. an English fleet of 105 ships with 1950 cannons
Even though the Spanish outnumbered the English they had 3 problems
1. The English had small faster more maneuverable ships
2. The English strategy of fire ships broke up the Spanish convoy
3. Nature, storms and the under sea current under the Atlantic

23. Spanish Galleon v. English Schooner

24. The Defeat of the Spanish Armada
The defeat of the Armada signaled the beginning of the decline of Spanish power

25. Defeat of the Armada
(animation)

26. Not Homework –Venn Diagram
Using the Venn diagram chart, compare and contrast the reigns and religious policies of Henry of Navarre, Philip II, and Queen Elizabeth of England.

27. Not Homework - Reflective Response
In a well developed paragraph, compare and contrast the reigns and religious policies of Henry of Navarre, Philip II, and Queen Elizabeth of England.