Spectrum of Heath Manish Chaudhary BPH( IOM,TU) MPH(BPKIHS)

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
BMA Medical College and Vajira Hospital Urban health care Chavanant Sumanasrethakul MD., M.Sc. Department of Preventive and Social Medicine.
Advertisements

HEALTH & ILLNESS.
Epidemiology and Public Health Introduction, Part II.
Natural History of Disease
16/10/2010Dr. Salwa Tayel1. 16/10/2010Dr. Salwa Tayel2 Associate Professor Family and Community Medicine Department King Saud University By.
27/9/2010Definitions in Epidemiology (Dr. Salwa Tayel) 1.
Measuring Human Wellness Millar Gero 302 Jan 2012.
Indicators of health and disease frequency measures
Importance of Sociology & Psychology to Pharmacy
Epidemiologic Triads & Natural History of Disease
Natural history and progress of disease Mr. Manish Chaudhary MPH, BPKIHS.
Descriptive Epidemiology
Introduction to Epidemiology
SOCIAL DETERMINANTS And their contribution to the variation in health status of Australians.
HEALTH, WELLNESS AND ILLNESS. W HAT I S H EALTH ?
Epidemiology II By Dr.Sabah M.A.Abdelkader Assist. Prof. of Public Health.
Personal Development Health and Physical Education HSC Enrichment Day 2013 Core 1 Health Priorities in Australia.
Screening Introduction to Primary Care:
Health promotion and disease prevention: key policies for regional development Michael Hübel Head of Unit, Health Determinants, Directorate-General for.
Example of a Web of Causation
HEALTH, WELLNESS, ILLNESS & DISABILITY
Epidemiologic Triads Dr. Abdulaziz Ali Almezam Dr. Salwa A. Tayel & Dr. Mohammad Afzal Mahmood KSU Department of Family & Community Medicine September,
EPIDEMIOLOGY Catherine T. Horat RN MSN CS C-FNP NUR 410 Community Focused Nursing.
10/10/2009Dr. Salwa Tayel1. 10/10/2009Dr. Salwa Tayel2 Associate Professor Family and Community Medicine Department King Saud University By Infectious.
Dr K N Prasad Community Medicine
Host : A person/ living animal that affords lodgment to agents of diseases under natural conditions. Demographic characteristics: age, sex ethnicity, etc.
Health – The overall condition of the body or mind and the presence or absence of illness or injury. Wellness – The achievement of the highest health possible.
CONCEPT OF DISEASE Disease is a physiological/psychological dysfunction. It is departure from the state of health. Illness is a subjective state of the.
SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH INDIVIDUALSOCIETY It is an organized group. COMMUNITY Total Organization of social life with a limited area. - Ogburn and.
Determinants of Health. The determinants of health There are a number of factors that cause variations in health status these include environmental, biomedical,
Public Health Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology Prof. Ashry Gad Mohammed MB, ChB. MPH, Dr P.H Prof. of Epidemiology College of Medicine King Saud University.
Health and the Determinants of Health Gero 300 Chapter 9 Oct 2008.
In the Name of Allah Most Beneficent and Most Merciful.
Factors Affecting Health
Natural History & Spectrum of Diseases
Definitions Learning Objectives At the end of this lecture you (will) be able to: Understand definitions used in infectious disease epidemiology.
Research and Methodology
Introduction to Epidemiology msu.ac.th.
Social determinants. Determinants of health The range of social, economic and environmental factors which determine the health status of individuals or.
HEALTH A state of complete physical, mental and social well being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity and ability to lead a socially and.
G ENERAL P RINCIPLES OF P REVENTION A ND C ONTROL OF C OMMUNICABLE D ISEASES.
Terminology in public health Dr. Salwa A. Tayel & Dr. Ibrahim Gossady Department of Family & Community medicine August 2015/1436 August 26,
Concept of Health , Disease, and Prevention
Natural History & Spectrum of Diseases
PERSONAL WELLNESS: Taking Charge of Your Health and Well-being.
Epidemiologic Triads Dr. Salwa A. Tayel & Dr. Mohammad Afzal Mahmood KSU Department of Family & Community Medicine September, September 2013Epidemiological.
Epidemiology and infection control Introduction
Epidemiology. Classically speaking Classically speaking EPI DEMO LOGOS Upon,on,befall People,population,man the Study of The study of anything that happens.
DYNAMICS OF DISEASE AND DISEASE TRANSMISSION DR. I. SELVARAJ
Descriptive Epidemiology Ahmed Mandil Prof of Epidemiology KSU College of Medicine.
Chapter 8 Adolescents, Young Adults, and Adults. Introduction Adolescents and young adults (10-24) Adolescence generally regarded as puberty to maturity.
Chapter 7: Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases. “The Change You Like to See….” (1 of 3) Chronic diseases result from prolongation of acute illness. – With.
كلية العلوم الصحية بالليث
Dr.Fatima Alkhaledy M.B.Ch.B,F.I.C.M.S/C.M.
NATURAL HISTORY OF DISEASE
HEALTH PROMOTION.
Health.
CONCEPT OF DISEASE DEVELOPMENT AND PREVENTION
عوامل موثر بر سلامتي. عوامل موثر بر سلامتي.
Descriptive Epidemiology
Natural history OF DISEASE DEVELOPMENT AND PREVENTION
بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم “Epidemiology" Introduction.
Prevention of disease and Surveillance ( )
Ashry Gad Mohamed Prof. of Epidemiology
دانشگاه علوم پزشکی و خدمات بهداشتی درمانی رفسنجان
Natural History of Disease
Epidemiological triad Agent, Host, Environment Model
Natural History of Disease and Concepts of Prevention and Control
Presentation transcript:

Spectrum of Heath Manish Chaudhary BPH( IOM,TU) MPH(BPKIHS)

Spectrum of health

Spectrum of Health Health fluctuates within a range of optimum well-being to various level of dysfunction Spectral concept of health emphasizes that the health of an individual is not static; it is a dynamic phenomenon and a process of continuous change, subject to frequent subtle variations Health is a state not to be attained once and for all, but ever to be renewed

Spectrum of Disease Fatal illness Severe illness Mild illness Clinicl infection Sub- clinical Infection death disease

Natural history of disease The word natural history of disease is the key concept in epidemiology. It signifies the way in which a disease evolves over time from the earliest stage of its pre-pathogenesis phase to its termination as its recovery, disability or death, in the absence of treatment or prevention.

Natural history of disease Susceptible host TIME Incubation period Death Recovery Exposure Onset Latent Infectious Non-infectious Infection No infection Clinical disease

Natural history of disease consist of two phases- – Pre-pathogenesis phase (i.e. the process in environment) – Pathogenesis phase (i.e. the process in man)

PHASES Prepathogenesis Pathogenesis

Pre-pathogenesis phase the process in environment Refers to the period preliminary to the onset of disease in man. The disease agent has not yet entered man but the factors which favour the onset are already existing in the environment.

Causative factors of disease Three factors referred as epidemiological triad- agent, host and environment. Operating in combination, these factors causes not only single case to epidemics, but also the distribution of disease in community.

Pathogenesis phase Begins with the entry of the disease “agent” in the susceptible host. The disease progresses through incubation period,early and late pathogenesis. Final outcome- recovery, death, disability.

The infection in the host may be clinical, sub- clinical; typical or atypical or the host may become carrier with or without having developed disease. (e.g. d iphtheria, poliomyelitis)

…………………… Natural history of disease is not necessarily the same in all individuals

Iceberg phenomena of Disease According to this concept, disease in the community may be compared with an iceberg.

The floating tip of iceberg represents what the physician sees in the community i.e. clinical cases. The vast submerged portion of the iceberg represents the hidden mass of disease ie latent, inappareant, presymptomatic and undiagnosed cases and carriers in the community. The waterline represents the demarcation between apparent and inapparant disease.

In some diseases (e.g. hypertension, diabetes, anaemia, malnutrition, mental illness) the unknown morbidity far exceeds the known morbidity. The hidden part of the iceberg thus constitutes an important undiagnosed reservoir of infection or disease in a community and its detection and control is a challenge to modern techniques in preventive medicine.

Determinates of Health All those factors that exert an influence on the health of an individuals and populations Presents a conceptual framework within which to understand the multiple determinants that shape patterns of disease and well-being in populations Provides a basis for evaluating where and how public health can intervene most effectively to improve health, particularly for vulnerable groups

Determinants of Health

Biological Determinants age, gender, genes Life Style diet and nutrition, smoking, alcohol, physical activity Psychological Self esteem, level of control, coping, stress, depression, anger Environment determinant air, water, soil quality, built environment, housing, work place, transport system Socioeconomic determinants Income, education, employment Community and social context Social network, community connectedness, social capital Culture and Ethnicity Belifef, attitude, norms, values

Determinants of Health Global Forces World economics, markets and trades, environmental conditions eg global warming, natural and man made disasters Government Policies Economic welfare, housing, taxation, local, regional and national priorities, public safety initiatives Access to services Primary, secondary and tertiary health care, social services, transport, housing, employment services, recreation

The relationship between the determinants and actual level of health is complex. Because health determinants are inter-related and interdependent, outcomes of one determinant will influence and produce other outcomes. For example, low income can result in lower levels of education, which influence where people live, their social contacts, their behaviours, lifestyle and overall health status. Outcomes are also cumulative. Individuals or groups who experience low income, low educational attainment, lack of control, lack of social supports and inadequate coping skills have a poorer health status than those with fewer health risks.

Thank you