The Fundamentals of Public Speaking Audience Centered Process Outlining & Editing Delivering Your Speech Supporting Materials Develop Your Speech Speaking to Inform Organizing Your Speech Speaking Freely & Ethically Introducing & Concluding Understanding Persuasive Speech Speech #1 - Intro

Speech #1 - Introduction “60-second commercial” About you, but not your life story What is interesting or relevant? Deliver with confidence

The Fundamentals of Public Speaking

Anxiety / Nervousness Nervousness is normal Survey: Death vs. Public Speaking This class is “safe” This class is a place to practice Remember, the audience wants you to succeed.

Anxiety / Nervousness Know your audience Don’t procrastinate Pick an appropriate topic Prepare & be organized Instructor opens floor for critique (feedback) Audience provides critique (feedback)

Great Quotes from Speeches “I have a dream” “the content of one’s character” “Ask not what your country can do for you. Ask what you can do for your country.” “Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall.”

“A Speech” vs. Conversation Planned Formal Roles of audience and speaker well defined Spontaneous Informal Roles are fluid

Components Speaker Message / Content Context Audience Feedback

Communications Process Sender Receiver Filter Transmission Encoding Decoding Static

Tongue Twisters

Building Confidence Prepare Know your audience Develop a well-organized speech Know your introduction and conclusion Practice Visualize Success Focus on your message Seek speaking opportunities

Visual Materials Visual Aids should support and reinforce your points Avoid irrelevant or distracting “eye candy” or gimmicks

Organize Your Speech Use major divisions: Introduction Get attention & focus audience (joke, story, shocking statistic) Provide an idea of where the speech is going Preview structure (sometimes)

Organize Your Speech Body Conclusion (Structured with subdivisions) I. Major Idea A. Supporting idea or evidence B. Supporting idea or evidence II. Major Idea Conclusion Should remind audience of central idea “Call to action”

Rehearse First, in your head Then, out loud Work out pronunciations and inadvertent tongue twisters

Deliver Your Speech Make eye contact Audiences will not perceive nervousness as much as you think Have water, but not milk, caffeine or carbonated beverages Spit out the gum

Memorized Speaking Advantages: Disadvantages: - Can have direct eye contact - No need for notes - Can move around freely and gesture Disadvantages: - Speaker may forget - May sound overly mechanical or rehearsed

Impromptu Speaking Advantages: Disadvantages: - Can move around freely and gesture - Spontaneously and authentically delivered Disadvantages: - May be less organized - Difficult to cite evidence

Extemporaneous Speaking Knowing major outlined points, but not memorizing exact wording Advantages: - Well organized and researched - Audience sees authentically delivered speech Disadvantages: - Takes time to prepare - Takes skill to deliver well - Notes are usually needed

Characteristics of Effective Delivery Good eye contact Gestures - Pointing - Hands on hip(s) - “Parade rest” - “Fig Leaf clutch” Gesture functions - Repeating/reinforcing, substituting, contradicting

Characteristics of Effective Delivery Movement - Can eliminate barriers between speaker and audience - Maintain eye contact while moving Posture

Characteristics of Effective Delivery Vocal Quality & Delivery - Pitch - Volume - Articulation / Diction - Examples of poor articulation “Lemme” “Dint” “Seeya” “Wanna” “Mornin” “Whayado?” “Fogedaboudit”

Characteristics of Effective Delivery Pronunciation “aks”, “Nucular” Dialect po’-lice vs. “po-lice’ um’-brella vs. Um-brell’-a in’-sur-ance vs. in-sur’-ance Rate Pauses

Organizing Supporting Details Central Idea Main Idea Main Idea Main Idea Supporting Details Supporting Details Supporting Details Supporting Details Supporting Details Supporting Details Supporting Details Supporting Details Supporting Details Supporting Details Supporting Details Supporting Details

Summaries Remind the audience of key points Can reinforce a conclusion Can lead up to a call-to-action Elephant Tangerine Window Garden Table Seesaw Screwdriver Automobile Cafeteria Zucchini

The Purpose of Introductions Get the audiences favorable attention To give the audience a reason to listen Introduce the subject Establish credibility Preview your main ideas

Possible Introductions Illustrations or anecdotes Startling facts or statistics Quotations Humor Questions References to historical or recent events Personal references

The Purpose of Conclusions Summarize the speech Restate main ideas Provide closure Motivate the audience to respond

Conclusion Possibilities Reference back to the introduction Issue an appeal or challenge

Please turn OFF all cell phones Speaking to Inform Reading: Chapter 15 Please turn OFF all cell phones

The Goals of Informative Speaking To enhance understanding To maintain interest To be remembered To present information objectively

Strategies to Enhance Recall Build in Redundancy Make your Ideas Short and Simple Pace the flow of Information Reinforce the Key Ideas