Photography History

Two vital element in Photography Question#1  Optical: Lenses captures light  Chemicals: Allowed photographers to process their negatives and prints

Camera Obscura Question# 2  Latin for dark room.  People using this technology. Aristotle (c. 300 BC). Aristotle (c. 300 BC). Leonardo da Vinci ( ). The camera obscura (Lat. dark chamber) Leonardo da Vinci ( ). The camera obscura (Lat. dark chamber)camera obscura Lat.camera obscura Lat. Arabian scholar Hassan ibn Hassan in the 10th century Arabian scholar Hassan ibn Hassan in the 10th century  Later another device that will aid in drawing will be developed in the 1800’s call the Camera Lucida Camera LucidaCamera Lucida

 Optical device used in drawing,  Contributed toward the invention of photography. photography  Photographic devices today are still known as "cameras". cameras Camera Obscura

Joseph Nicéphore Niépce  , experiments combining Camera Obscura with light-sensitive paper, failures  Found that Silver Nitrate and Silver Chloride would turn black when struck by light.  1818, image fixed for 3 months  He ran out of money and in poor health.  He stopped short of producing a permanent image.

William Henry Fox Talbot Question#3  Title: William Henry Fox Talbot. ( ) William Henry Fox TalbotWilliam Henry Fox Talbot  In England, Talbot creates permanent (negative) images using paper soaked in silver chloride and fixed with a salt solution.  Perfected the Calotype process

Calotype Process 1. photogenic drawing 2. First to produce a negative image. 3. not as bright or as detailed as daguerreotype 4. multiple copies could be made 5. Image quality is a little soft and unsharp

Louis Jacques Mande Daguerre (pronounced Dagair)  Title: Louis Jacques Mande Daguerre. ( ) Louis Jacques Mande DaguerreLouis Jacques Mande Daguerre  dioramas (Diorama)  interest in lenses  1829: after several years of back and forth, Niépce and Daguerre team up.  1833: Niépce dies, penniless.  Daguerre first to make a positive image as mercury vapor was used to produce an image formed on a silver coated copper sheet made sensitive to light  Question # 4

Daguerreotype Process  Mirrorlike surface, negative from certain angles delicate, in thick glass  No multiple prints  Could not capture motion  5-40 minute exposure time  Initially, not practical for portraits

Early Photography Question #5  Early Photography consisted mostly of pictures of Famous People and Out Doors

Frederick Scott Archer Collodion (wet plate) process Question#6  Frederick Scott Archer invents Collodion process (but doesn’t patent)

Collodion Process  This process replaces Daguerrotype  The definite advantage was that the collodion plate had a depth of detail and sharpness unprecedented exposed and developed inside the camera.  reduced exposure time to just a few seconds  brought portraiture to the people (tintype)

REVIEW  People just covered DaVinci - lenses DaVinci - lenses Niepce - chemical Niepce - chemical Talbot - Calotype process Talbot - Calotype process Daguerre - Daguerreotype process Daguerre - Daguerreotype process Morse - most famous Daguerrotypist Morse - most famous Daguerrotypist Archer - Collodion process Archer - Collodion process  Process just covered Calotype – perfected by TalbotCalotype – perfected by Talbot Daguerretype – developed by DaguerreDaguerretype – developed by Daguerre Collodion – developed by ArcherCollodion – developed by Archer

Matthew Brady Question #7  Title: Mathew Brady, 1875 Mathew BradyMathew Brady  taught by Samuel Morse  had portrait studios in New York and Washington DC  portrait photographers’ pictures of soldiers  1862, closed studios, went to photograph the Civil War

Matthew Brady  Title: First Battle of Bull Run, 1861  was probably one of the greatest of photographic documentary photographers  by end of Civil War, his team had taken over 7000 negatives  didn’t ignore harsh reality  public wasn’t ready for stark brutality of images

Darkroom of the Civil War Question #8  The Civil War Darkroom was a Covered Wagon  Very mobile  Used by Brady Brady Gardner Gardner O’Sullivan O’Sullivan W.H. Jackson W.H. Jackson

Photography more than a portrait Question # 9 - William Henry Jackson photographed the frontier Yellowstone Park Helped to create Yellowstone as a park once viewed by Congress

What was just covered  Photography came out of the studio  Real life pictures were documenting current events  Photography persuades public opinion

Joseph Muybridge  1871 Invention of the moveable shutter  Had a bet with Leyland Stanford that a horse in full stride did not have all four feet off the ground.  In 1878 Muybridge proved the horse bunched the legs under it belly at full stride.  The techniques eventually lead to motion pictures.

Horse Running Question # 10  Click here to see horse video. Click here to see horse video. Click here to see horse video.

George Eastman Question # 11  Title: A 1954 U.S. stamp featuring George Eastman George EastmanGeorge Eastman  Photo paper could be purchased instead of made by hand.  $25 camera. $10 have photos developed.

Kodak #1 camera, Question # 12  Photo taken with Kodak #1 camera, 1890  Took 100 photos  The entire camera was sent back to Kodak for developing  By the end of the century camera clubs were flourishing

What we just covered  Photography was capable caputuring multiple images  Kodak put cameras in the hands of common people  “Snapshot” clubs developed

Alfred Stieglits Question # 13 Top: self-portrait of Alfred Stieglits Top: self-portrait of Alfred Stieglits Bottom: everyday life Bottom: everyday life Stieglits produced emotional glimpses of everyday life. Stieglits produced emotional glimpses of everyday life. “Documentary” Photography born “Documentary” Photography born Champion of Champion of “Straight Photography”“Straight Photography”

Photo as a means of expression Question # 14  Light meter invented 1930  Half-tone process created and used in the mass production of books and magazines  History has now become visual as well as verbal. Question # 15  Life Magazine is the birth of “Photojournalism”.  Vogue Magazine used the camera as a platform for fashion.

What we just covered  Everyday life is photographed  Documentary photography is developed  The light meter was developed  Mass production of photos is capable due to the half-tone process  Life and Vogue magazine have photos as their magazine foundation.

Ansel Adams Question # 16  Title: Ansel Adams, El Capitan, Winter  Ansel Adams and Fred Archer are credited with creating the zone system zone systemzone system  Adams is primarily associated with Yosemite Valley, Ca. imagery.

Diane Arbus Question # 17  She took her camera places where people we afraid to go.  Mental hospitals  Physical deformities

The Big Picture of Photography  Expression of art as well as science  Portraits - Talbot  Document history – Brady  Motion pictures developed out of photography - Horse  Kodak put the camera in the hands of all - Eastman  Everyday life documented - Stieglitz  Books/Magazines used photography for their products/beliefs - Life/Vogue  Landscape was explored – Ansel Adams  The physical surroundings were invistigated both human and natural – Diane Arbus