Mining Areas – Geographic Information Systems + Remote Sensing Faculty of Civil Engineering, CTU in Prague GWF - Mining and Exploration 15 May 2013 Potential mining areas Active mines Abandoned mines Dumps Reclaimed areas GIS Remote sensing

Mining Areas – GIS for potential mining Faculty of Civil Engineering, CTU in Prague GWF - Mining and Exploration 15 May 2013 Potential mining areas GIS Maps: geological, hydrogoelogical, of deposits, soils, faults, …..

Mining Areas – GIS for potential mining Faculty of Civil Engineering, CTU in Prague GWF - Mining and Exploration 15 May 2013 Vector data Queries in attribute data

Mining Areas – GIS – examples of useful applications Faculty of Civil Engineering, CTU in Prague GWF - Mining and Exploration 15 May 2013 Crossection of brown coal seam Contour lines of thickness of the rock cover Dangerous area - 0 – 20 m thickness of the upper layers Dangerous area - < 20 – 60< m thickness of the upper layers

Mining Areas – GIS – land use/mining development Faculty of Civil Engineering, CTU in Prague GWF - Mining and Exploration 15 May

Mining Areas – GIS – land use/mining development Faculty of Civil Engineering, CTU in Prague GWF - Mining and Exploration 15 May

Mining Areas – GIS – land use/mining development Faculty of Civil Engineering, CTU in Prague GWF - Mining and Exploration 15 May

Mining Areas – GIS – land use/mining development Faculty of Civil Engineering, CTU in Prague GWF - Mining and Exploration 15 May

Mining Areas – GIS – reclamation development Faculty of Civil Engineering, CTU in Prague GWF - Mining and Exploration 15 May Reclamation development

Mining Areas - remote sensing Faculty of Civil Engineering, CTU in Prague GWF - Mining and Exploration 15 May 2013 Potential mining areas Active mines Abandoned mines Dumps Reclaimed areas Remote sensing  Record of the state of the land cover at the moment of imagery data collection  Evaluation of the imagery – updated maps, object extraction  change detection = evaluation of several images to determine development of the are

Mining Areas – remote sensing Faculty of Civil Engineering, CTU in Prague GWF - Mining and Exploration 15 May 2013 Remote sensing offers: - records of the current state of: land cover - 2D, 3D, 4D data for a project of mining activities Potential mining areas Active mines Abandoned mines Dumps Reclaimed areas

Mining Areas – remote sensing Faculty of Civil Engineering, CTU in Prague GWF - Mining and Exploration 15 May 2013 data: optical, radar, lidar offer: updating of land cover/open pits state in 2D, 3D and 4D and thus creating model of development of mining and accompanying activities Data are – spaceborne, airborne, or from unmanned aerial systems with: Various time resolution Various spatial resolution Various spectral resolution

Mining Areas – spaceborne remote sensing Faculty of Civil Engineering, CTU in Prague GWF - Mining and Exploration 15 May 2013 Spaceborne data: time resolution - about 3 days (on 50° latitude) spatial resolution - 8 sensors PAN < 1,0 m, 1 sensor MS< 2 m spectral resolution - PAN, MS, Hyper (Hyperion 220 bands, 30 m) Advantage : regular repetitive measurement on programed orbits Disadvantage operational functioning by programming – various look angle

Mining Areas – RS – reclamation development Faculty of Civil Engineering, CTU in Prague GWF - Mining and Exploration 15 May 2013 Analysis of mean value and standard deviation of NDVI Values calculated for individual areas

Mining Areas – RS – reclamation – change detection Faculty of Civil Engineering, CTU in Prague GWF - Mining and Exploration 15 May 2013 Analysis of NDVI change during a time period. Increase and decrease of vegetation coverage in%

Mining Areas – airborne remote sensing Faculty of Civil Engineering, CTU in Prague GWF - Mining and Exploration 15 May 2013 Airborne data collection: time resolution - irregular --- on demand spatial resolution – cm – depends on height of the flight spectral resolution – multispectral cameras/scanners, thermal cameras, hyperspectral scanners, SAR, lidar Disadvantage: irregular repetitive measurement dependent on weather

Mining Areas – UAV remote sensing Faculty of Civil Engineering, CTU in Prague GWF - Mining and Exploration 15 May 2013 Unmanned Aerial Systems: time resolution - irregular --- on demand spatial resolution – cm – depends on height of the flight spectral resolution – multispectral cameras/scanners, thermal cameras, hyperspectral scanners, Advantage: Operational, easy manipulated by non-specialist Disadvantage: Irregular repetitive measurement dependent on weather

Mining Areas – UAV remote sensing Faculty of Civil Engineering, CTU in Prague GWF - Mining and Exploration 15 May 2013 quadro-, hexa-, octo- copters Several hundred meters above the terrain GPS/IMU, gyroscope, Automated stabilization 15 minutes flight, two cameras (MS and thermal)

Mining Areas – UAV remote sensing Faculty of Civil Engineering, CTU in Prague GWF - Mining and Exploration 15 May 2013 Orthophoto Žacléř DSM

Mining Areas – UAV remote sensing Faculty of Civil Engineering, CTU in Prague GWF - Mining and Exploration 15 May 2013 Thermal data

Mining Areas – GIS + remote sensing Faculty of Civil Engineering, CTU in Prague GWF - Mining and Exploration 15 May 2013 Conclusion I: 1)GIS – various data storing – a comprehensive tool 2)Remote Sensing: 1)Land surface type information 2)Digital Surface Model (DSM) 3)Subsidences (interferommetry) 4)Development of areas 3)GIS – data storing 4)So what and how?

Mining Areas – remote sensing Faculty of Civil Engineering, CTU in Prague GWF - Mining and Exploration 15 May 2013 Conclusion II: GIS application is clear and necessary to have a complete information in one system RS application – various purposes and thus various data - it is a sensitive and responsible task – which should be carefully analyzed in individual case