Causes of the American Revolution
Pontiac’s War After 1760 – English settlers moved west Lord Jeffrey Amherst sent to frontier Amherst raised the price of trade goods Amherst allowed settlers to build farms and forts on Indian land
Pontiac’s War Ottawa Chief Pontiac emerged as a leader Pontiac attacked Ft.Detroit Indians captured most British forts in Ohio Country British and colonial troops regained most of them
Pontiac’s War Treaty of Paris ended French power in North America Native Americans couldn’t count on French support Pontiac’s War ended
King George III and William Pitt
England in Debt William Pitt’s policies to win the French and Indian War in North America left England in debt. King George III and Parliament felt colonists should be paying more of the costs Mercantilism – colonies exist for the good of the Mother Country
England in Debt Mercantilism – colonies produce raw materials for the Mother country and buy her manufactured goods Navigation Acts – Law passed by Parliament in the 1660’s and 1670’s to put Mercantilism into practice Salutary Neglect – Navigation Acts not enforced so colonists would have the money to buy British goods
Proclamation of 1763 – Proclamation Line Drew a line down the middle of the Appalachian Mountains
Proclamation of 1763 No white settlement west of the line Fur Traders must get a license 10,000 British troops stationed in the colonies to patrol the frontier
Sugar Act and Stamp Act Parliament – Law making body in England Sugar Act – Regulate Trade Stamp Act – Raise Revenue Regulate Trade vs. Raise Revenue “No Taxation Without Representation”
Sugar Act George Grenville – Prime Minister Regulate Trade Lower tax on sugar and molasses Collect the tax Stop smuggling
Stamp Act Raise Revenue Tax stamp required on legal documents – wills, marriage papers, newspapers, almanacs, playing cards and dice
Stamp Act Crisis “No Taxation Without Representation” Methods of Protest Peaceful – Stamp Act Congress – New York City – 9 colonies – petition Violent – Sons of Liberty Economic - Boycott
Samuel Adams and the Sons of Liberty
Sons of Liberty
Patrick Henry – Virginia House of Burgesses – “If this be treason then make the most of it”
Stamp Act Crisis Stamp Act repealed in 1766 Parliament passes the Declaratory Act
Death of Anne Stamp
Townshend Acts Charles Townshend – Prime Minister Taxes on paint, paper, lead, glass and tea Writs of Assistance – blanket search warrants
Methods of Protest Peaceful – petition Violent – Sons of Liberty and Daughters of Liberty Economic – Non – importation agreements
Sons and Daughters of Liberty
Colonial Leaders
Boston Massacre
Townshend Duties repealed except for a tax on tea British troops removed from Boston Committees of Correspondence organized by Sam Adams
Boston Tea Party Tea Act – British East India Company Sons of Liberty dump tea into Boston Harbor
Intolerable Acts ( Coersive Acts) 1774 Boston Port Bill – Boston Harbor closed until the tea is paid for
Intolerable ( Coersive ) Acts Massachusetts Government Act – Massachusetts Assembly dissolved Boston under martial law Thomas Gage – military governor
Intolerable ( Coersive ) Acts Quartering Acts 1765 – troops quartered in public buildings and public greens 1774 – troops quartered in people’s homes
Intolerable ( Coersive ) Acts Quebec Act Established the boundaries of the Quebec Colony Allowed the Catholic religion in Quebec No elected assembly
First Continental Congress Albany Congress – of 13 colonies Stamp Act Congress – 1765 – New York City - 9 of 13 colonies First Continental Congress – 1774 – Philadelphia – 12 of 13 colonies
First Continental Congress Voted to cut off colonial trade with England unless Intolerable Acts abolished Advise colonies to begin training citizens for war Wanted to define American rights, place limits on Parliament’s power and agree on tactics to resist aggressive acts of the English government Set up a Colonial Association to enforce an embargo against England
Patrick Henry – March, 1775 – “Give Me Liberty or Give Me Death”
Colonial Leaders