1. 6-1 Notes: Tighter British Control

2. The Colonies and Britain Grow Apart
After the French and Indian War, Britain wanted to govern the 13 colonies in a uniform way
Britain did not want to incite another revolt like Pontiac’s Rebellion
Parliament passed the Proclamation of 1763, prohibiting colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains
Proclamation angered colonists who wanted to move into the fertile Ohio River Valley
Also upset speculators who had bought that land as an investment
Many colonists ignored the law and settled beyond the Proclamation’s limit

3. British Troops and Taxes
Britain also decided that the colonists should pay for the debt accrued during the French and Indian War – Voted that they could tax colonists directly
1764 ACE – Parliament passed the Sugar Act. It lowered import taxes on sugar, molasses, other products shipped to the colonies. It also enforced stricter punishments on smugglers and allowed customs officials to get writs of assistance, which allowed them to search the homes of colonists for smuggled goods without a traditional warrant
King George III decided to post 10,000 troops in the colonies to enforce the proclamation and keep peace with Native Americans
1765 ACE – Parliament passed the Quartering Act, which required the colonists to house (“quarter”) soldiers and provide them with supplies. Most were housed in New York.
Colonial leaders reacted with anger to the taxes.
James Otis claimed Parliament had no right to tax the colonies directly seeing as the colonists had no voice or representation in Parliament (“Taxation without representation is tyranny”)
British finance minister George Grenville that because the colonists enjoyed the benefits of British protection they were subject to taxation

4. Britain Passes the Stamp Act
1765 ACE – Parliament passed the Stamp Act
Stamp Act required all legal and commercial documents (such as diplomas, contracts, wills) and even other popular documents (newspapers, magazines, even playing cards!) to carry a stamp
Colonists had to pay for the taxes in silver coin, which was scarce in the colonies
Stamp Act affected many colonists as it taxed daily items that many colonists used, unlike the Sugar Act which taxed imported goods and mainly affected merchants
Colonial leaders reacted angrily
Samuel Adams, a member of the Massachusetts legislature, speculated that Parliament might begin to tax their lands and produce and work
Patrick Henry called for a resistance to the act, in spite of resistance seeming treasonous

5. The Colonies Protest the Stamp Act
October 1765 ACE – 9/13 colonies sent delegates to the Stamp Act Congress in NY City
1st instance of the colonies meeting up to protest together
Delegates drew up a petition to protest the Act, claiming that colonial legislatures and not Parliament had the right to govern the colonies
Colonial merchants organized a boycott, or refusal to buy British goods
Sons of Liberty – a secret society of lawyers, merchants, and craftspeople who staged protests against the Act
They burned stamped paper, attacked customs officials (tar and feather), looted their homes. Many customs officials stopped doing their job out of fear.
Merchants in England also began to fear that boycotts and the Stamp Act would hurt their business in the Americas
William Pitt, a popular Parliamentary leader, spoke out against the Stamp Act, siding with the American leaders
Parliament repealed the Act in 1766 ACE
Passed the Declaratory Act, which claimed that they had the supreme authority to govern the colonies