March 2006Taner Erig - EMU1-1 WELCOME n Your presenter Taner Erig, Department of Computer Science Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI n You may expect to Gain a more complete understanding of computers beyond general use of application programs Look at parts and components of a typical computer system Learn how information is stored and processed Cover basic concepts of operating systems and networking Discuss current topics in computing such as: – Privacy – Information Security – Present Issues & Controversies SIGCS I – Hardware and Software Solutions for Teachers

March 2006 Taner Erig - EMU1-2 Computers: A First Look n What is a computer? A computer is a device that takes data in one form, uses it, and produces a different form of information which is related to (but not the same as) the original data. ***** It is important to recognize that computers are MORE than laptops and boxes next to monitors. Many “SINGLE PURPOSE” machines are considered computers; scale, calculator, stonehenge

March 2006 Taner Erig - EMU1-3 The Many Kinds of Computers n Computers can be classified by three sets of characteristics: Electronic versus Mechanical Digital versus Analog General-purpose versus Special-purpose

March 2006 Taner Erig - EMU1-4 The General-Purpose Electronic Digital Computer n The General-purpose electronic digital computer General Purpose: Can be used in many different fields of work. Electronic: Requires a source of electricity to function. Digital: Made up of binary circuitry. (Each can be set to one of one two possible conditions.) Controlled by humans: Presents results in a way usable by humans.

March 2006 Taner Erig - EMU1-5 The General-Purpose Electronic Digital Computer n Digital computers are made up of four major components: Input units - Humans interface with the computer through devices like the mouse and keyboard. Memory - Stores programs and other data. Central Processing Unit - “Brain” controls all computer operations, processes information, computes results. Output Units - The computer displays results to the human through devices like the printer and monitor.

March 2006 Taner Erig - EMU1-6 The General-Purpose Electronic Digital Computer n Computer Hardware The electronics and associated mechanical parts of the computer. n Computer Software Consists of instructions that control the hardware and cause the desired process to happen A Floppy Disk is considered hardware. A program ON the disk is considered software!

March 2006 Taner Erig - EMU1-7 The Many Kinds of Computers n Digital to Analog Example: The Computer is Digital (moves information around within the computer in the form of voltage pulses) Modem (translates from digital to analog and from analog to digital) “Analog” Phone lines send the information as a series of sound frequencies Modems (translate from digital to analog and from analog to digital)

March 2006 Taner Erig - EMU1-8 Do you know Hardware? n List a hardware component for each line in categories below> INPUT: 1.___________ 2.___________ 3.___________ 4.___________ OUTPUT: 1.___________ 2.___________ 3.___________ 4.___________ CPU: Processor chip MAIN MEMORY: 1.chips&SIMMS SECONDARY MEMORY: 1.__________________ 2.______________ 3.___________ 4._______________ INPUT: 1.__Mouse___ 2._Keyboard__ 3.__Camera__ 4.___Scanner/Fax _ OUTPUT: 1.__Monitor_ 2.__Printer__ 3._Speakers__ 4.__Fax/Modem*_ SECONDARY MEMORY: 1._CD Rom, DVD, etc._ 2.__ZIP, Jazz disk._ 3.__Floppy disk_ 4.__Hard disk__

March 2006 Taner Erig - EMU1-9 The General-Purpose Electronic Digital Computer n Why do computers work in binary? Given that electricity flows - or doesn’t = on OR off Simply, because using the binary system is cheap and reliable. –Circuits can be made at the molecular level Building computers using any other system would be too expensive and become less reliable