Plants & Fungus 006

Kingdom Plantae Eukaryotic Multicellular organisms True tissues. Photoautotrophic nutrition. Most adapted for a terrestrial existence and possessing vascular tissues.

Kingdom Plantae Cells with chloroplasts and cellulose cell walls. Includes mosses, ferns, pine trees, cycads, ginkgos, and flowering plants.

Typical Plant Cell Eukaryotic Plant Cell

Mangrove Distribution There are approximately 40 species of mangroves distributed worldwide

Prop roots: help support the tree Pneumatophores: respiratory function– take in O 2 push nutrients to the upper soil layer

Ecological Role of Mangroves: Stabilize sediment Accumulate detrital or other foreign material Habitat for epiphytes Fish and invertebrate nursery Nesting/roosting sites for birds Limited role as a direct food source Major contributor to detrital food chain Protect shoreline from erosion during tropical storms

fish and shrimp cultivation food for people firewood and boat building material tanning material finest honey Mangrove Use: Shrimp farm surrounded by degraded mangroves, Vietnam

Seagrass beds 57 species worldwide

Classification Five kingdom system: MoneraProtistaFungiPlantaeAnimalia Angiosperms Gymnosperms

Distribution: 12 genera of seagrasses (5 in the high latitude and 7 in the low latitude) True marine angiosperm Evolved from shoreline Lillie-like plants~100 mya Vascular plants reinvaded the seas 3 different times (algae is nonvascular; i.e., no need for roots to transport water and nutrients) Can grow and reproduce while completely submerged under water

Halophila hawaiiana- only form of seagrass in Hawaii

Develop in: intertidal and shallow subtidal areas on sands and muds marine inlets and bays lagoons and channels, which are sheltered from significant wave action

1.Help stabilize the sediment 2.Prevents resuspension of sediments in water (water is clearer) 3.Binds substratum, reduces turbidity, and reduces erosion 4.Sediment accumulation slows velocity of incoming water 5.Food for many organisms 6.Refuge for many organisms

Seagrass productivity is highly dependent on a number of factors: salinity water temperature turbidity This ecosystem is particularly sensitive to degradation due to: agricultural pollution-run-off of herbicides industrial pollution domestic pollution Threats to Seagrass Beds

Kingdom Fungi l Eukaryotic l Generally multicellular, organisms (a few species, e.g., yeast are unicellular). l Nutrition: l Heterotrophic l Saprophytic (absorptive)

Kingdom Fungi l Most with cell walls (usually composed of chitin) and complex life histories. l Includes molds, yeasts, rusts, and mushrooms, marine fungi l Most of the 1500 species of marine fungi are microscopic

Shelf fungus Yeast Toad stool Rhizopus

Fungus infection in fish