1. Characteristics of the Six Kingdoms

2. Formerly grouped as one kingdom known as the Monerans.
6 Kingdoms
Formerly grouped as one kingdom known as the Monerans.
Archaebacteria
Eubacteria
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
These four kingdoms
are believed to have
evolved from the
Archaebacteria.

3. Cell Types Prokaryotes Eukaryotes
No nucleus
No membrane-bound organelles
Most cells are
1 -10 μm in size
Evolved 3.5 billion years ago
Found only in Archaebacteria and Eubacteria Kingdoms
Has nucleus
Many organelles
Cells can be between
2 - 1,000 μm in size
Evolved 1.5 billion years ago
Includes Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia Kingdoms

4. Types of Nutrition Autotrophs: (able to make own food)
1.) Photosynthetic -organism that uses energy from the sun to make its own food
2.) Chemosynthetic -simple nonliving chemical nutrients such as H2S, sulfur, and iron are consumed and made into living tissue; makes its own food
Heterotrophs: (unable to make own food)
1.) Ingestion: organism eats other organisms or their organic byproducts
2.) Absorption: produces enzymes that break down food particles outside the body, then absorb the digested molecules

5. Kingdom Archaebacteria
Cell Type: prokaryotes (original life form on earth; gave rise to eukaryotes)
Body Forms: unicellular
Cell Structure: have cell walls that contain lipids found in no other organism; have genetic material but lack nuclear membrane or other membrane-bound organelles.
Nutrition: autotrophs or heterotrophs
Habitat: extreme environments such as d deep sea volcanic vents, hot springs

6. Kingdom Archaebacteria
Other Important Information: fewer than 100 species are believed to exist
Sketches of Cellular Examples:
Examples: methanic bacteria, halophile bacteria, anaerobic bacteria

7. Kingdom Eubacteria
Cell Type: Prokaryotes - considered the “true bacteria”
Body Forms: unicellular
Cell Structure: cell walls made of peptidoglycans; have genetic material but lack nuclear membrane and membrane- bound organelles
Nutrition: photosynthetic and chemosynthetic autotrophs;
heterotrophic forms too
Habitat: Common environments – land, water and air; live in and on organisms

8. Kingdom Eubacteria
Other Important Information: extremely diverse – more than 5000 species exist. Ecologically important as decomposers. Symbiotic relationships with humans – mutualistic in gut; parasitic when they cause disease.
Sketches of Cellular Examples:
Examples: Anthrax, E. coli, Salmonella, Gonorrhea

9. Kingdom Protista Cell Type: Eukaryotes
Body Forms: mostly unicellular, some multicellular, some colonial
Cell Structure: have a nucleus with genetic material and other membrane- bound organelles; some have cell walls made of cellulose, pectin or silica
Nutrition: photosynthetic autotrophs and heterotrophs that use ingestion or absorption
Habitat: freshwater and ocean water, in and on organisms

10. Kingdom Protista
Other Important Information: the “catch-all kingdom”; range from microscopic to 150 feet long in size; some are animal-like, some are plant-like; some cause disease.
Sketches of Cellular Examples:
Examples: kelp, algae, slime mold, Paramecium, Amoeba, Euglena, diatoms

11. Kingdom Fungi Cell Type: Eukaryotes
Body Forms: some unicellular, most multicellular
Cell Structure: have a nucleus with genetic material and other membrane-bound organelles but lack chloroplasts; cell walls made of chitin; some have more than one nucleus and some have openings between adjacent cells
Nutrition: heterotrophic (absorption)
Habitat: most are terrestrial, some live on or in organisms

12. Kingdom Fungi
Other Important Information: Ecological importance as decomposers. Many have relationships with other organisms. In humans-parasitic fungus cause athlete’s foot and ringworm. Mutualistic examples too: mychorrizae in plants and lichens with algae.
Sketches of Cellular Examples:
Examples: bread mold, yeast, mushrooms, mildew, mold, truffles

13. Kingdom Plantae Cell Type: Eukaryotes Body Forms: multicellular
Cell Structure: have a nucleus with genetic material and other membrane- bound organelles; have chloroplasts; cell walls made of cellulose; have large central vacuoles; vascular plants have advanced tissues and organs
Nutrition: photosynthetic autotrophs
Habitat: mostly terrestrial

14. Kingdom Plantae
Other Important Information: plants are the base of terrestrial food chains; more than 262,000 species exist
Sketches of Cellular Examples:
Examples: moss, ferns, pine trees, oak trees, shrubs, flowers, grass

15. Kingdom Animalia Cell Type: Eukaryotes Body Forms: multicellular
Cell Structure: have a nucleus with genetic material and other membrane- bound organelles; but no chloroplasts and no cell walls; most have advanced differentiation of tissues and complex organs
Nutrition: heterotrophic
Habitat: land, water, air

16. Kingdom Animalia
Other Important Information: the most diverse of all kingdoms in appearance; most are motile (they can move)
Sketches of Cellular Examples
Examples: sponges, worms, snails, insects (ants, grasshoppers), birds, snake, fish, elephant, human