New Left I.Labor and Consensus Politics A.The Establishment B.Liberal Incrementalism II.New Left A.Issues Race, Vietnam, Women, Counterculture B.Character C.Growing Radicalism III.Labor reaction A.Engagement B.Opposition IV.Shattered Consensus A.Chicago, 1968 B.The 1972 Landslide

The Establishment AFL-CIO is the most powerful lobby in Washington Driving force behind every piece of social legislation George Meany, Andrew Biemiller, & President Johnson, 1964

Incrementalism Many unions back gradual advance of civil rights –Defy rank-and-file workers, who often oppose integration Largely support anti- Communist crusade –Idealism –Realism Coalition politics Women’s rights & sexuality are off the table Officials sign executive order desegregating unions, 1962

Civil Rights Congress on Racial Equality (CORE) founded 1942 –Students –Non-violent direct action –SIT-INS College students at Woolworths, Greensboro, NC, 2/1/1960

Anti-war Movement Draft resistance becomes critique of Vietnam war. Challenge to war becomes critique of Cold War society.

Women’s Lib Work Private sphere Betty Freidan

Counterculture Question assumptions of the postwar period: –Work, money, success Drop out Tune in Turn on –Marriage, family Sexual revolution

Character Middle class Tone –Earnest  preachy –High minded  condescending –Humorous  mocking

Radicalism Long Hot summers –Harlem, 1964 –Watts, 1966 –Detroit, 1967 –Nationwide, April 4, 1968 In 1966, key civil rights groups rejects non-violence –“Black power”

Engagement New Unions –United Farm Workers Cesar Chavez Some unionists begin opposing Vietnam –Reuther –Goldberg resigns over Vietnam, 1968

Opposition Some workers resist integration Union are vested in Cold War politics Ambivalent about war –National pride –Fear for loved ones Resent –Protestors themselves –Challenge to postwar values Skirmish between construction workers and anti-war protestors, New York City, 1970

1968 Breakdown of Cold War Liberal Consensus –Sen. Eugene McCarthy –Sen. Hubert Humphrey –Mayor Richard Daley –Events Showdown at Chicago  The South defects Nixon wins

1972 Landslide