1. Social Movements of the 1960’s
USH 24: The student will analyze the impact of social change movements and organizations of the 1960’s.

2. Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)
Grows out of the Montgomery Bus Boycott
Leader was Dr. King
Methods were non-violent; law suits, sit-ins, kneel-ins and wade- ins, boycotts, rallies and marches
Mostly from large urban areas middle class and African American
Tried to help African Americans register to vote

3. Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)
Grew out of the Sit-in movement in Greensboro North Carolina Woolworth’s
Organized more sit-ins and the Freedom Rides
Initiated the 1963 March on Washington and Freedom Summer
After the CRA and VRA, SNCC started protesting Vietnam
Splits with some people moving to Black Power movement

4. National Organization of Women (NOW) -1966
Civil Rights Act of 1964, Title VII - forbade the discrimination of women
EEOC - Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, enforced Title VII, but discrimination still existed, so NOW was formed
Women want equality along with men in society
Proposed the Equal Rights Amendment, repeal of abortion laws, public funded child-care, end sexual discrimination in hiring, promotion and wages
Leaders were Betty Friedan and Dr. Murray

5. Anti-Vietnam War movement
Many groups were against the Vietnam War:
Students for a Democratic Society (SDS)
make American society liberal, supporters of Civil Rights and active in Freedom Summer
Free Speech Movement (FSM)
concerned with domestic issues at first

6. Anti-Vietnam War Movement
When the US increased bombings and fighting the SDS and FSM began to protest
marches on recruiting depots, “teach-ins”, draft card burning, assisting fleeing to Canada or Sweden and protests at the Pentagon
Dr. King and Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW) also protested the Vietnam War

7. Impact of Vietnam War protests
Johnson decides not to pursue re- election
the protests become more radical and lose the support of mainstream America
However, gains support when Nixon increases bombings in Laos and Cambodia
Ex. Kent State
Anti-War is major reason US leaves Vietnam

8. Pentagon Papers Pentagon Papers infuriate the people
Papers show Vietnam is unwinnable and US should stay out of Vietnam
Also show Johnson lied to American people
Nixon did not escape criticisms
he promised to end the war, but escalated instead
Nixon announces the end of the war

9. United Farm Workers’ movement (UFW)
mostly Hispanic farmers in California
wanted better pay and working conditions
non-violent
Leaders - Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta
main tactic was to organize and influence elections

10. Environmental Movement
Silent Spring by Rachel Carson was about the effects of pesticides - communities started studying the effects of spraying and dusting
Creation of Earth Day - helped create the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
passed the Clean Air Clean Water and Endangered Species

11. Conservatism Movement
Great Depression discredits conservatives
government should not solve social and economic problems; i.e. poverty, discrimination and lack of opportunity
these should be solved in private sector with little government influence
What is this called?
Does it work?

12. Barry Goldwater (1964) and Richard Nixon (1968)
Goldwater - anti-union, anti-communist
He is what it means to be a conservative
Nixon - anti-communist and pro-law- and-order
opposed racial integration, denounced the Supreme Court, promised stability and decency and detente (relaxed relations) with Communism
he would scale back Great Society and spoke for the “silent majority”

13. What was an important equal rights issue for women?
A. pay equity
B. voting rights
C. working an 8-hour day
D. job protection

14. A. protesting nuclear testing
The book Silent Spring was published in 1962 and had a dramatic impact on political activism in the United States. Which of these might have been a cause inspired by the author, Rachel Carson?
A. protesting nuclear testing
B. demanding integration of public schools
C. suing companies for discriminating against female employees
D. forming an environmental club to help clean up polluted lands