Section 1: Threats to World Peace CHAPTER 21 World War II Section 1: Threats to World Peace Objectives: Analyze why Japan and Italy were able to carry out aggressive territorial policies in the 1930s. Explain why the League of Nations was ineffective in stopping international aggression. Describe how the Spanish Civil War led to a fascist dictatorship.

Bell Ringer 21.1: Threats to World Peace SECTION 1 Who were the opposing sides of the Spanish Civil War? Nationalists Loyalists Spain: _______________________ _____________________________ Spain: _____________________ ___________________________ Germany: __________________ __________________________ Soviet Union: _________________ _____________________________ Italy: _______________________ ____________________________ International Brigades: _______ ___________________________

SECTION 1 Threats to World Peace After WWI, the role of the League of Nations as an international peacekeeper was challenged. First meeting of the League assembly in 1920

Threats to World Peace Visual Sources 'My offensive equipment being practically nil, it remains for me to fascinate him with the power of my eye.'" Punch July 28th, 1920

Threats to World Peace Kellogg-Briand Pact 1929 SECTION 1 Agreement that made war “illegal” Signed by 60 nations

Threats to World Peace SECTION 1 Japanese military begins gaining power in late 1920s. Political chaos followed the assassination of the liberal minister Osachi Hamaguchi. Within two years, a group of military leaders took control.

Threats to World Peace SECTION 1 On the evening of September 18, 1931, an explosion occurred on the railroad north of Mukden. The railroad was owned and operated by the Japanese government and its tracks were patrolled by Japanese soldiers. Military leaders immediately blamed Chinese nationalists for the incident and began an occupation of the area.

SECTION 1 Threats to World Peace

Threats to World Peace SECTION 1 By 1939 the Japanese controlled about one fourth of China, including ALL seaports.

Italy’s Conquest of Ethiopia SECTION 1 Threats to World Peace Italy’s Conquest of Ethiopia

Nobility and large landowners SECTION 1 Threats to World Peace Civil War in Spain Nobility and large landowners The Catholic Church WAR! workers military peasants

Fascist political party Used terrorism to preserve the power of … SECTION 1 Threats to World Peace The Falange landowners Fascist political party Used terrorism to preserve the power of … army Church

Francisco Franco Threats to World Peace SECTION 1 Set up a fascist dictatorship Had unlimited power Ended all free elections & most civil rights Old ruling groups – army, landowners, Church - all held the positions of power

SECTION 1 Threats to World Peace

Military dictatorship Falange Manchuria International Brigades illegal Word Bank Threats to World Peace Ready? QUIZ! Military dictatorship Falange Manchuria International Brigades illegal Military Fascist Economic sanctions Ethiopia Loyalists

Military dictatorship Falange Manchuria International Brigades illegal Word Bank Threats to World Peace Ready? QUIZ! Military dictatorship Falange Manchuria International Brigades illegal Military Fascist Economic sanctions Ethiopia Loyalists

Threats to World Peace SECTION 1 Nationalists Loyalists Spain: army leaders, church leaders, landowners, nobles Spain: workers, peasants, socialists, communists Germany: fully equipped military units Soviet Union: airplanes, technicians, military advisors Italy: fully equipped military units, 50,000 troops International Brigades: about 70,000 volunteer fighters

Bell Ringer 21.1: Threats to World Peace SECTION 1 Who were the opposing sides of the Spanish Civil War? What groups supported each side? Nationalists Loyalists Spain: workers, peasants, socialists, communists Spain: army leaders, church leaders, landowners, nobles Germany: fully equipped military units Soviet Union: airplanes, technicians, military advisors Italy: fully equipped military units, 50,000 troops International Brigades: about 70,000 volunteer fighters

Bell Ringer 21.1: Threats to World Peace SECTION 1 Who were the opposing sides of the Spanish Civil War? What groups supported each side? Nationalists Loyalists Spain: ______________________ ____________________________ Spain: _____________________ ___________________________ Germany:__________________ __________________________ Soviet Union: ________________ ____________________________ Italy:______________________ __________________________ International Brigades:________ ___________________________

Chapter Wrap-Up CHAPTER 21 1. How did regional conflicts grow to involve many nations in World War II? 2. How did Hitler use prejudice as a tool? 3. How was the technology of World War II both beneficial and destructive?