If you were Odysseus, which of the obstacles on the way home, would of scared you the most…and why 2-3 lines

Geography’s impact in Greece Greece is a peninsula Surrounded by Ionian, Aegean and Mediterranean Seas ¾ of land is mountainous Impact of Geography Trading/Travel was mostly by sea Difficult to unite the country Loyalty more to the polis rather than Greece Acropolis—Politics and business took place Highest point in the middle of the polis

Transformation of types of Government Monarchy – one ruler Aristocracy- ruled by landowners/elite Oligarchy – ruled by a few Democracy – by the people, for the people

Although they were both Greek civilization, they were both very different Sparta Dorians conquered the area and created Sparta. The conquered people became slaves called Helots. Sparta—Oligarchy 2 Kings and a council of elders Ruled by discipline (keep the Helots under control)

Children of Sparta Each child was inspected at birth Weak and feeble were left to die Only wanted the strong Boys At 7 started to live in the barracks and start military training. Essentially all boys became soldiers until 30 years old Girls Rigorous upbringing as well Expected to produce healthy sons %AF%CE%B1/

Sparta Isolationism Didn’t want trade or wealth Didn’t care for the arts Didn’t want their citizens to travel Didn’t care for expansion mountains.jpg

Evolution to a Democracy Was an Aristrocracy Discontent grew for economic reasons Solon started the change Cleisthenes created a legislature- a law making body Limited Democracy Only landowning men could participate Merchants, women and foreigners could not

Athens Children Boys had a choice to either enter a military career or not All boys received an education if their parents could afford it Girls were less likely to receive an education Main job was to manage the households when they grew up

Persians created a huge empire India to Turkey (present day) which included Greek Ionia Greek Ionia rebelled Persia under Darius I set out to conquer Greece Sparta and Athens unite!

Battle of Marathon Persian outnumbered Athenians Athenian Themistocles led the attack Upset victory by the Athenians Darius I dies after Marathon Son Xerxes takes over and continues the war Battle of Thermopylae Spartans lead by Leonidas guarded a small pass. Heroic stand by the Spartans, but eventually Persia wins Persia moves south and burns Athens

Naval battle at Salamis Athens built ships with underwater rams Athens destroyed the Persian navy Ultimately ended the Persian War! Athens emerged as the most powerful city-state after the war Athens formed the Delian League, forced other smaller city-states to join and pay dues, which were used to improve Athens and to form a defense alliance

Sparta/Peloponnesian League vs. Athens/Delian League Persian even joined the side of Sparta Results 27 year war, ended the Athenian dominance Weakened all the Greek city-states A new power, Macedonia rose

If you had to choose, which Greek city-state would you rather live in Sparta or Athens…explain why 2- 3 lines

Relative LocationNorth of Mediterranean Sea PlaceMountains Democracy, Aristocracy, Oligarchy MovementSea Traders Human-Environment Interaction Farming: Olive Trees, Grapes, Acropolis RegionBalkan Peninsula The Mediterranean

1. Greeks2. Didn’t want to trade3. Wanted to trade4. Girls had rigorous training 5. Boys had to enter the military 6. Fought the Persians7. Democracy8. Oligarchy 9. Boys were educated10. Peloponnesian League11. Delian League12. Girls were housewives 13. More isolated14. Wanted to gain power15. Militaristic16. Arts, Education Athens Sparta

Today we are learning about Alexander the Great. What makes a person “Great”?

Philip defeated the Greeks Philip was assassinated, but his son Alexander, who was taught by the Greek Aristotle continued the conquest Alexander conquered Persia and India Alexander died early of fever

Why are large empires so hard to maintain… Alexander, Greeks and Romans eventually fall apart