1. Greek Military Conflict (Persian Wars, Peloponnesian War and Expansion of Alexander the Great)

2. The Persian War By 546 BCE Persia had conquered Lydia in Asia Minor and acquired control of the eastern Greek city states- Persia was led by Emperors Cyrus and Darius City states rebelled (aided by Athens) 490’s - 480’s BCE Darius and his son Xerxes launched 3 invasions By 546 BCE Persia had conquered Lydia in Asia Minor and acquired control of the eastern Greek city states- Persia was led by Emperors Cyrus and Darius City states rebelled (aided by Athens) 490’s - 480’s BCE Darius and his son Xerxes launched 3 invasions Persian Empire under Darius

3. At the Battle of Marathon- Darius is defeated.

4. (historical sidenote) Plains of Marathon The traditional origin of the marathon comes from the story how a herald named Phidippides (Philip- pedes) ran the 26 miles from Marathon to Athens to announce the Greek victory-he then died on the spot.

5. Battle of Thermopylae 480 BCE 300 Spartans led by Leonidas (and their allies) hold off the Persian advance A new force of Persians were defeated by Athenian navy at Salamis The folllowing year the Battle of Plataea ends the war. Persians give up. 480 BCE 300 Spartans led by Leonidas (and their allies) hold off the Persian advance A new force of Persians were defeated by Athenian navy at Salamis The folllowing year the Battle of Plataea ends the war. Persians give up. Persian Invasion 480 BCE

6. The Peloponnesian War: begins in 431 BC The Delian League was dominated by Athens Resentment arose (Quarrels between Athens and Sparta and her allies) All this led to disunion and numerous wars (until the rise of Philip of Macedon) The Delian League was dominated by Athens Resentment arose (Quarrels between Athens and Sparta and her allies) All this led to disunion and numerous wars (until the rise of Philip of Macedon)

7. Rise of the Macedonians (Philip of Macedon) 359 BCE Philip II comes to power Admired Greek culture Recruited and maintained a regular army 359 BCE Philip II comes to power Admired Greek culture Recruited and maintained a regular army From a tomb discovered in 1977 believed to be Philip’s

8. Philip’s Military Infantry- fought in the phalanx but he added… Cavalry Archers Infantry- fought in the phalanx but he added… Cavalry Archers The Phalanx

9. The end of Philip II of Macedon The Greek’s had mixed views of him (but he ultimately led to continuation of Greek culture) By 338 BCE he had conquered the Greek city states He was assassinated in 336 BCE The Greek’s had mixed views of him (but he ultimately led to continuation of Greek culture) By 338 BCE he had conquered the Greek city states He was assassinated in 336 BCE

10. Alexander the Great Philip II’s son Son of Zeus?! Trained in the military and taught by Aristotle Between 331 and 323 BCE he conquered the land from Egypt and Asia Minor to the borders of India Philip II’s son Son of Zeus?! Trained in the military and taught by Aristotle Between 331 and 323 BCE he conquered the land from Egypt and Asia Minor to the borders of India Alexander the Great (from a Roman fresco in Pompeii)

11. Alexander the Great’s Empire

12. Alexander’s Empire Spread Greek culture (the time between Alexander’s death and Rome’s conquest of Greece in 146 BCE is the Hellenistic Age) Integrated Persians and Greeks Wanted to rule as a “god-king” Greek language became important for trade Died at the age of 33 in 323 BCE Spread Greek culture (the time between Alexander’s death and Rome’s conquest of Greece in 146 BCE is the Hellenistic Age) Integrated Persians and Greeks Wanted to rule as a “god-king” Greek language became important for trade Died at the age of 33 in 323 BCE