Department of Agriculture Rolling Seed Plan Department of Agriculture Odisha

PRODUCTION OF SEEDS Seed is critical determinant & precious input of Agriculture production which affects the performance and efficacy of other inputs. Quality seeds appropriate to different agro-climatic conditions are to be timely available in sufficient quantities at affordable price to augment productivity. Contd…

It is recognized that improved seed quality alone can enhance 15-20% increase in yield. Thus, seed lies at the root of our planning for increasing crop production. For supply of required quantity of certified seeds in time to the farmers, regular planning has to be made at least three years ahead, since for supply of the certified seeds in a season, the same have to be produced during the previous growing season of the crop. Similarly, for production of the required quantity certified seeds, foundation seeds have to be produced in the previous season, which in turn have to be produced from breeder seeds during previous season .So also the breeder seeds are produced from the nucleus seeds in the previous season . Contd…

Thus to meet the seed requirement of the State a long term planning is necessary so that as much as possible different varieties of certified seeds could be produced in the different suitable agro-climatic regions of the State. The necessary arrangement can well be made in time for effective supply of required seeds .

INSTITUTIONS INVOLVED CRRI OUAT AGRICULTURE DEPARTMENT OSSC OAIC NSC PVT. ENTERPRENEURES. OSSOPCA

In our State, CRRI Cuttack, OUAT, OSSC,OAIC and Department of Agriculture are involved in seed production. CRRI, Cuttack and OUAT are responsible for production breeder seeds. In some cases, OUAT also produces Foundation seeds. OSSC/OAIC through their registered seed growers and in their own farm produce foundation and certified seeds. A substantial quantity of foundation seeds and certified seeds are produced in the Agriculture Department farms. At present scenario, a large no of Private entrepreneurs are coming forward to be a part in certified seed production as well as in seeds marketing in our State. The entire hybrid cotton seeds are marketed by the different private companies in our State. A major quantity of hybrid maize and hybrid Sunflower seeds are also distributed by the private companies.

ROLLING SEED PLAN FOR PRODUCTION In order to achieve the desired SRR of different crops in the state of Odisha for the period from 2015-16 to 2017-18, required quantities of Breeder Seeds & Foundation Seeds are to be utilized to produce required qty of certified seeds. The production machineries are to be geared up accordingly. Specific emphasis should be given for undertaking the seed multiplication programme considering the Agro-climatic zone conducive for variety wise seed production of different crops. Contd…

The choice of patches for undertaking the seed production should be either compact or contiguous for better monitoring of production of foundation seeds out of breeder seeds. OSSOPCA should be vigilant regarding supervision of seed multiplication programme as well as quality aspect of seeds. The infrastructural facilities for undertaking the seed production like processing, storage space should commensurate with the volume of seed production to be undertaken in different districts.

A. BREEDER SEEDS The requirement of breeder seeds for the State is decided by a committee comprising of the representatives from OUAT, CRRI, OSSOPCA, OSSC and Directorate of Agriculture. The committee decides the quantity as well as varieties basing on the seed rolling plan for certified seeds and Seed Multiplication Ratio (achieved) of different crops. The variety wise requirement are sent to the Government of India through seed net portal as per the time frame fixed by GOI

The indented Breeder seeds are allocated by the GOI for lifting by the indenting agency. In our State, the OSSC and OAIC are the nodal agencies for lifting of all type of Breeder seeds. A State level monitoring team comprising officers from Department of Agriculture , OSSOPCA, OUAT, NSC,OSSC have been formed to monitor the production of breeder seeds. The Joint Director of Agriculture (Farm & Seeds) is the Chairman of the Breeder seed monitoring team. Contd…

ALLOTMENT AND LIFTING OF BREEDER SEEDS DURING 2013-14 Name of the crop Allotment by GOI (in qtls) Lifted Utilized PADDY 705.54 1228.04 1108.94 MOONG 46.77 53.45 BIRI 53.64 66.00 ARHAR - 3.10 JUTE 0.42 Contd…

ALLOTMENT AND LIFTING OF BREEDER SEEDS DURING 2013-14 Name of the crop Allotment by GOI (in qtls) Lifted (in qtls) Utilized (in qtls) FIELDPEA 2.20 BENGAL GRAM 1.30 - GROUNDNUT 1080.00 880.00 832.00 MUSTARD 6.00 5.00 NIGER 1.00 2.35 SESAME 0.10 1.35

ALLOCATION AND LIFTING OF BREEDER SEEDS DURING 2014-15 Name of the crop Indent to GOI (in qtls) Allotment by GOI in Kharif -14 BS lifted PADDY 1003.90 809.45 841.20 RAGI 4.62 2.82 Nil BIRI 74.59 59.72 6.30 MOONG 123.40 112.09 40.69 JUTE 0.50 Contd…

ALLOCATION AND LIFTING OF BREEDER SEEDS DURING 2014-15 Name of the crop Indent to GOI (in qtls) Allotment by GOI in Kharif-14 BS Lifted NIGER 3.65 Nil SESAME 7.15 6.42 0.50 GROUNDNUT 1960.00 1655.55 1541.05

ALLOCATION OF BREEDER SEEDS DURING 2014-15 Name of the crop Indent to GOI (in qtls) Allotment by GOI in Rabi 14-15 BENGAL GRAM 1.30 FIELDPEA 2.20 MUSTARD 7.00 4.41

UTILISATION OF BREEDER & ACHIEVEMENT OF SMR DURING KHARIF-2013 (in qtls) Crop Qty.of ‘B’ seeds utilized Qty of ‘F’seeds produced Achievement of SMR % of Achievement Paddy 1084.71 37386 34.47 43.08 Ragi 1.30 138.00 106.15 Arhar 2.76 142.80 51.74 103.48 G.nut 665.95 2525.70 3.79 47.41 Niger 2.35 113.00 48.09 60.11

UTILISATION OF BREEDER & ACHIEVEMENT OF SMR DURING RABI 2013-14 (in qtls) Crop Qty.of ‘B’ seeds utilized Qty of ‘F’seeds produced Achievement of SMR % of Achievement Moong 51.65 1321.60 25.59 63.97 Biri 55.18 1648.00 29.87 74.66 F.Pea 2.20 15.00 6.82 34.09 Til 0.59 23.28 39.48 15.78 Gnut 163.95 1309.20 7.99 99.82 Mustard 5.30 201.00 37.92

UTILISATION OF BREEDER & ACHIEVEMENT OF SMR DURING KHARIF-2014 (in qtls) Crop Qty.of ‘B’ seeds utilized Qty of ‘F’ seeds produced Achievement of SMR % of Achievement Paddy 853.00 41549.50 48.71 60.89 Gnut 1478.85 8373.55 5.66 70.78 Niger 2.40 120.00 50.00 100.00 Til 0.20 14.00 70.00

Requirement of BS during 2015-16 to 2017-18 (in qtls) Year Kharif Rabi Total 2015-16 3140.80 11.50 3152.30 2016-17 3199.70 12.20 3211.90 2017-18 3252.40 13.20 3265.60

Requirement of BS during 2015-16 (in qtls) Crop Kharif Rabi Total Paddy 1080.30 Ragi 3.00 Arhar 8.00 Moong 87.00 Urd 72.00 F Pea 2.20 Gnut 1881.00 Til 5.50 Niger 3.50 Mustard Gram 1.30 Jute 0.50 3140.80 11.50 3152.30

Requirement of BS during 2016-17 (in qtls) Crop Kharif Rabi Total Paddy 1106.40 Ragi 3.00 Arhar 8.00 Moong 91.00 Urd 76.00 F Pea 2.20 Gnut 1905.00 Til 6.30 Niger 3.50 Mustard 8.50 Gram 1.50 Jute 0.50 3199.70 12.20 3211.90

Requirement of BS during 2017-18 (in qtls) Crop Kharif Rabi Total Paddy 1123.10 Ragi 3.00 Arhar 8.50 Moong 96.00 Urd 81.00 F Pea 2.20 Gnut 1930.00 Til 6.30 Niger 3.50 Mustard 9.00 Gram 2.00 Jute 1.00 3252.40 13.20 3265.60

B. FOUNDATION SEEDS At present required quantity of foundation seeds are produced in Govt. farms, farms with OSSC Ltd. and OUAT farms and in some cases in the field of registered growers of OSSC/OAIC having good experience in seed production, so that there is proper utilization of the precious Breeder seeds that will make available the required quantity of Foundation seeds of desired varieties. Some times the seeds produced under the above systems may not be sufficient. During deficient season, the foundation seeds are procured by OSSC Ltd./OAIC Ltd from NSC and other seed producing agencies. Contd…

The foundation seeds are produced under the vigilant supervision of the OSSOPCA before certifying the produce. Foundation seeds of shorter duration paddy varieties are produced during both Kharif and Rabi seasons. The medium and late duration of paddy varieties are grown only in Kharif season. Contd…

In respect to Groundnut seeds, the requirement of certified seeds is mostly during Rabi season, the seeds of which are to be produced during Kharif only. Hence, more quantity of foundation seeds of Groundnut is to be produced during Rabi. The foundation seeds of Mung and Urd are produced both in Kharif and Rabi, that of Arhar in Kharif. The Mustard, Gram and Field Pea are produced in Rabi. In case of Gram and Fieldpea, the producing agencies are not able to produce the required quantity of both foundation and certified seeds. Contd…

Due to unfavorable agro-climatic condition of our State, the multiplication of Wheat and Jute seeds is not feasible. For such seeds, to meet the requirement both for Foundation and certified seeds, the State depends upon the outside State agencies. As during production and procurement of seeds there may be loss of 10% of the total production. To meet the shortage, it is planned to produce at least 10% more quantity of foundation seeds than the calculated requirement.

PRODUCTION OF DIFFERENT FOUNDATION SEEDS DURING 2013-14 (in qtls) Crop Kharif Rabi Total Paddy 37386.00 773.40 38159.4 Ragi 138.00 138 Moong 316.76 Biri 8.00 443.58 451.58 Arhar 142.80 142.8 Sesamum 5.68 Groundnut 2525.70 1700.60 4226.3 Mustard 157.59 40200.5 3397.61 43598.11

PRODUCTION OF DIFFERENT FOUNDATION SEEDS DURING 2014-15 (Prog PRODUCTION OF DIFFERENT FOUNDATION SEEDS DURING 2014-15 (Prog.) (in qtls) Crop Kharif Rabi Total Paddy 41549.50 - 41549.5 Moong 1017 Biri 60.00 207 267 Groundnut 8373.55 Sesamum 14.00 14 Gram 31.20 31.2 Fieldpea 52.80 52.8 Mustard 441.00 441 Niger 120 50117.05 1749 51866.05

PRODUCTION OF DIFFERENT FOUNDATION SEEDS DURING 2015-16 (Prog PRODUCTION OF DIFFERENT FOUNDATION SEEDS DURING 2015-16 (Prog.) (in qtls) Crop Kharif Rabi Total Paddy 19364 1760 21124 Ragi 12 Arhar 145 Moong 700 Biri 804.17 Groundnut 11586 2857.14 14443.14 Sesame Gram 37.50 37.5 Fieldpea 50 Mustard 36.50 36.5 31106 6257.31 37364.31

PRODUCTION OF DIFFERENT FOUNDATION SEEDS DURING 2016-17 (Prog PRODUCTION OF DIFFERENT FOUNDATION SEEDS DURING 2016-17 (Prog.) (in qtls) Crop Kharif Rabi Total Paddy 19610 1820 21430 Ragi 12 Arhar 150 Moong 700 Biri 808.33 Groundnut 11614 2857.14 14471.14 Sesame Gram 37.50 37.5 Fieldpea 50 Mustard 37.00 37 31386 6321.98 37707.97

PRODUCTION OF DIFFERENT FOUNDATION SEEDS DURING 2017-18 (Prog PRODUCTION OF DIFFERENT FOUNDATION SEEDS DURING 2017-18 (Prog.) (in qtls) Crop Kharif Rabi Total Paddy 19612 1820 21432 Ragi 12 Arhar 125 Moong 700 Biri 808.33 Groundnut 11643 3114.29 14757.29 Sesame Gram 37.50 37.5 Fieldpea 50 Mustard 37 31392 6579.12 37971.12

C. CERTIFIED SEED CEREALS Taking various factors into consideration, particularly with respect to their yield potential, duration , adaptability to various agro-climatic conditions, marketability, cooking quality etc, about 55 Paddy varieties have been selected to be grown in the state. Accordingly, multiplication of Breeder, Foundation and Certified seeds of those varieties has been planned. Two public hybrids (Ajaya and Rajalaxmi) developed by the CRRI, Cuttack for the state are also being taken up for cultivation under production of certified hybrid seeds. Another two public hybrids named Sahyadri and KRH-2 are also considered for seed production in our State. Besides, some notified private hybrids suitable to our agro-climatic conditions are also selected for seed production in the State. Contd…

Out of 55 varieties selected, the certified seeds of six new varieties named Swarna Sub-1, Satyakrishna, CR Sugandha Dhan-3, CR Dhan-70, CR Borodhan-2 and Ranidhan have already included in the chain. Similarly, the Certified seeds of eight varieties named Mandakini, Mrunlalini, Tejaswini, Reeta, Lunasuvarna, Lunasampad, Nua Chinkamani, and Phalguni will be available during Kharif 2016 Contd…

The 16 varieties of Paddy including one private hybrid paddy have been released by the State Seed sub-committee during 2012. It is planned to increase the supply of certified paddy seeds from 1,69,464 quintals during 2006-07 to 7,08,340 quintals by 2015-16 thus enhancing SRR to 32.61% . During this period, more emphasis is also given to supply higher quantity of short and medium duration varieties of Paddy seeds as compared to previous years. Some newly released varieties are to be included in the seed supply chain to replace the older varieties. Similarly, seeds of some varieties having saline tolerance are also programmed to be supplied in saline affected areas. Contd…

In respect of Ragi, the varieties like Chillika, Bhairabi and Subhra are most suitable in our State. There is little scope of seed production in case of Maize. Since the farmers are mostly utilizing the hybrid seeds, therefore the steps are being taken to produce the hybrid seeds through PPP mode under RKVY.

PULSES Mung, Biri, Arhar, Field Pea and Gram are the important pulses for which the certified seeds are produced and supplied in our State. Out of the several varieties of pulses available for cultivation in our State, the following varieties are considered more suitable. Mung - IPM 2-14, HUM-16, COGG-942, PDM-54, SML-668, IPM-2-3, Neha,TARM-1, TARM-2, OUM-11-5, HUM-12, LGG-460. Urd - PU-31, PU-30, PU-35, T-9, PDU-1,TU-94- 2, Azad Urd -3 (KV- 96-3), B-3-8-8 (Prassad), LBG-685(LAM-685), LBG-623. Arhar - UPAS-120,ICPL-151 (Jagruti), Pusa-855, ICPL-84031(Durga), ICPL-8863 (Maruti). Gram - MNK-1, JG-11, Vihar Phule, ICCV-2. F. Pea- Adarsh, Prakash, Vikash,Rachana, Aparna.

OILSEEDS Groundnut, Sesamum, Niger, Mustard and Sunflower are the major oilseed crops in Odisha. Castor and linseed are of minor importance. Varieties of oilseed crops : More than 15 varieties of groundnut are considered suitable for cultivation in Odisha State. These include Girnar-3, TAG-24, Smruti, AK-159, GPBD-4, ICGV-91114, TG-38B, TG-37A, TPG-41, Kadri-6, Kadiri- 9, JL-24, TG-38A. Duration of these varieties range from 95-120days. Old varieties like TMV-2 and AK 12-24 have already been phased out from the seed chain. In our State, Groundnut is being grown in an area of about 1.27 Lakh Ha in Kharif and 2.10 Lakh Ha in Rabi season. . Contd…

Groundnut seed supply is a major concern of the State Groundnut seed supply is a major concern of the State. It is very peculiar that Groundnut is being cultivated in inland districts during Kharif and in the coastal Districts during Rabi. Due to high humidity and other micro climatic situation prevailing in Kharif season, it is not possible to store the required quantity of seeds of Rabi harvest to be utilized during next Rabi season by the farmers. To meet the requirement for Rabi, the seeds are to be produced during Kharif particularly in the western regions of the State. The quantity produced inside the State is not sufficient to meet the requirement of Rabi. In order to make self sufficient, the planning should be made to expand the area as well as to increase the productivity of the groundnut cultivated during Kharif season. Contd…

More than 6 varieties of Sesamum are suitable for cultivation in Odisha. These are Uma, Amrit , Kalika, Nirmala, GT-2, GT-10, Smarak. GT-2 & GT-10 are newly introduced white varieties which are found giving good result in our condition. These varieties have duration of 85-95 days. GA-10, IGP-72 and Utkal Niger-150 are improved varieties of Niger suitable for cultivation in Odisha State. The important varieties of Rapeseed and Mustard suitable for cultivation in Odisha are M-27, PT-303, Parbati and Anuradha. These varieties have duration ranging from 75 to 105 days. NPH-1 and SA-2 are two varieties of Castor suitable for cultivation. Some important varieties of Linseed are Kiran, Jawahar-23 and Neelum while Modern, KBSH-44 and KBSH-1 are important varieties of sunflower suitable for Odisha.

PRODUCTION OF DIFFERENT CERTIFIED SEEDS DURING 2014-15 (Prog PRODUCTION OF DIFFERENT CERTIFIED SEEDS DURING 2014-15 (Prog.) (in qtls) Crop Kharif Rabi Total Paddy 956358 87000 1043358 Ragi 205 Arhar 745 Moong 16600 Biri 19000 Groundnut 33263 52263 Sesamum 1050 Gram 750 Fieldpea 1000 Mustard 3600 990571 148000 1138571

PRODUCTION OF DIFFERENT CERTIFIED SEEDS DURING 2015-16 (Prog PRODUCTION OF DIFFERENT CERTIFIED SEEDS DURING 2015-16 (Prog.) (in qtls) Crop Kharif Rabi Total Paddy 963176 88000 1051176 Ragi 1200 Arhar 2900 Moong 16800 Biri 19160 Groundnut 81100 19500 100600 Sesamum Gram 750 Fieldpea 1000 Mustard 3650 1048376 150060 1198436

PRODUCTION OF DIFFERENT CERTIFIED SEEDS DURING 2016-17 (Prog PRODUCTION OF DIFFERENT CERTIFIED SEEDS DURING 2016-17 (Prog.) (in qtls) Crop Kharif Rabi Total Paddy 968176 88000 1056176 Ragi 1200 Arhar 2900 Moong 16800 Biri 19300 Groundnut 81100 20000 101100 Sesamum Gram 750 Fieldpea 1000 Mustard 3650 1053376 150700 1204076

PRODUCTION OF DIFFERENT CERTIFIED SEEDS DURING 2017-18 (Prog PRODUCTION OF DIFFERENT CERTIFIED SEEDS DURING 2017-18 (Prog.) (in qtls) Crop Kharif Rabi Total Paddy 980497 91000 1071497 Ragi 1200 Arhar 3000 Moong 16800 Biri 19400 Groundnut 81300 20000 101300 Sesamum Gram 750 Fieldpea 1000 Mustard 3700 1065997 153850 1219847

PRODUCTION OF DIFFERENT CERTIFIED SEEDS DURING 2018-19 (Prog PRODUCTION OF DIFFERENT CERTIFIED SEEDS DURING 2018-19 (Prog.) (in qtls) Crop Kharif Rabi Total Paddy 980597 91000 1071597 Ragi 1200 Arhar 3000 Moong 16800 Biri 19400 Groundnut 81500 20000 101500 Sesamum Gram 750 Fieldpea 1000 Mustard 3700 1066297 153850 1220147

SEED REPLACEMENT RATE (SRR) DURING 2012-13 TO 2014-15 (Fig in %) Crop 12-13 13-14 14-15 Paddy 22.15 25.23 25.64 Maize 20.25 17.90 13.53 Wheat 12.61 13.09 13.98 Moong 2.88 7.32 3.50 Urd 2.19 3.87 3.75 Groundnut 31.17 23.11 31.08 Mustard 17.50 40.55 17.71 Sunflower 70.67 31.06 5.82

CERTIFIED PADDY SEED REQUIREMENT TO ACHIEVE DESIRED SRR Year Targeted SRR (in %) Seed requirment (in qtls) Seeds to be Produced (10% more of Requirment) Expected availability of seeds as per rolling seed plan 2015-16 33.14 795340 874874 1051176 2016-17 33.26 798340 878174 1056176 2017-18 33.68 808340 889174 1071497 2018-19 33.88 813000 894300 1071597

PROBLEMS RELATED TO SEED PROUDCTION Breeder seed timely not available with the Breeder Seed Producing Institutes/Universities resulting in non-lifting of Breeder Seeds. SMR not achieved in case of multiplication from BS to FS due to frequent natural calamities prevalent in our state. Inadequate technical staff in state seed certification agency. Due to unfavorable agro-climatic condition of our State, the multiplication of Wheat and Jute seeds is not feasible.

Lack of Infrastructural facilities such as insufficient number of processing plants and storage go-downs for storing of the stock. Irregular power supply to the processing plant at the time of peak period of processing. Lack of adequate technical personnel of seed producing agencies for supervision of production programme.

Due to unfavorable climatic condition, wheat seeds are not produced inside our State. The entire requirement of the seeds is to be arranged from outside the State. Our State seed producing and distributing agencies are not professionally sound to produce hybrid seeds. So that the requirements of Maize and Sunflower are met procuring the same either from outside the State or from private companies.

In case of Groundnut seeds, the requirement is mostly during Rabi season, the seeds of which are to be produced during Kharif only, so that freshly harvested seeds can be supplied to the farmers. During Kharif, the seed multiplication ratio (SMR) of Groundnut is very low in comparison to Rabi season due to soil and climatic factors. Besides, due to long coastal region of the State, there is high humidity, the seed production is mainly confined to the interior pockets.

SUGGESTIONS More MOU farms are encouraged to produce within the state as the seeds produced inside the state are more acclimatized to our climatic conditions. The seeds brought from outside state there is chance of occurring developmental variation. Moreover seed procured from outside state, the procurement cost of seeds will be higher due to extra transportation charges involved. At the time of collection of certification charges by the certification agency from the seed growers, premium may be collected towards insurance of his seed crop. Database information on seed growers/seed producing agencies and buyers/dealers may be developed online.

In order to meet the demand of the State, sufficient quantity of breeder seeds should be produced by the breeder seed producing institutions. The breeder seeds of Moong and Biri having cold tolerant characteristics should be produced by the breeder seed producing institutions. New storage go-downs and processing plants should be established and existing plants should be upgraded. Strengthening of Seed Corporation, OAIC, Seed Certification Agency and Seed Testing Laboratory should be made.

The Seed Production Officer and Seed Certification Officer should be posted at each district level. Vigorous training programmes should be conducted for the officials involved in seed production programme. The Groundnut seed multiplication programme during Kharif should be made in a project mode. Special incentives for irrigation potential, construction of drying shade, processing plant / mobile processing plant should be provided. State Agricultural University (OUAT) should be actively involved in hybrid seed production and their research wing should be strengthened.

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