Public Speaking Foundations Content based on Lucas’ The Art of Public Speaking. The visuals are available for purchase at http://www.allposters.com/ Public Speaking at Park University

Similarities Between Public Speaking and Conversation  Organizing thoughts logically Tailoring the message to the audience Telling a story for maximum impact Adapting to listener feedback http://www.allposters.com/ Public Speaking at Park University

Differences Between Public Speaking and Conversation Public speaking is more highly structured Public speaking requires more formal language Public speaking requires a different method of delivery Public Speaking at Park University

JFK Speech on Secret Societies and Freedom of the Press 5 min http://www.allposters.com/ Public Speaking at Park University

Public Speaking at Park University Model of The Speech Communication Process, which contains the following: Speaker (You) Message (Impromptu or planned speech) Channel (sound, sight, smell, touch, taste) Listener (Audience, also you) Feedback (Nonverbal responses, question and answer period) Interference (Distractions that are internal or external) Situation (Context, occasion) Public Speaking at Park University

Frame of reference is everything in communication! How does the sum of a person’s knowledge, experience, goals, values, and attitudes affect the role of speaker or listener? Why do we need to remember that everything a speaker says is filtered through a listener’s frame of reference? Can two people can have exactly the same frame of reference? Public Speaking at Park University

Public Speaking Concepts Feedback The messages, usually nonverbal, sent from a listener to a speaker. Interference Anything that impedes the communication of a message. Situation The time and place in which speech communication occurs. Stage Fright Anxiety over the prospect of giving a speech in front of an audience. Public Speaking at Park University

What are guidelines to ensure ethical speaking? Make sure your goals are ethically sound Be fully prepared for each speech Be honest in what you say Avoid name-calling and other forms of abusive language Put ethical principles into practice Do you think one side is right and one is wrong? Based on your experience, do you disagree with the information in your textbook or other course materials? What is the rationale for your position? Public Speaking at Park University

Public Speaking at Park University Nervousness Is Normal Your body is responding by producing extra adrenaline, a hormone released into the bloodstream in response to physical or mental stress.  Positive Nervousness Controlled nervousness that helps energize a speaker for her or his presentation. Visualization Mental imaging in which a speaker vividly pictures himself or herself giving a successful presentation. Public Speaking at Park University http://www.allposters.com/

5-minute Talk or Write How can you reducing speech anxiety? Acquire speaking experience Prepare, prepare, prepare Think positively Use the power of visualization Know that most nervousness is not visible Don’t expect perfection Public Speaking at Park University

Public Speaking at Park University Critical Thinking Focused, organized thinking about such things as the logical relationships among ideas, the soundness of evidence, and the differences between fact and opinion. Public Speaking at Park University

Why are these concepts important in public speaking? Ethnocentrism The belief that one’s own group or culture is superior to all other groups or cultures. Ethics The branch of philosophy that deals with issues of right and wrong in human affairs. Public Speaking at Park University

5 Minute Talk or Write: Ethical Decisions How can you weigh a potential course of action against a set of ethical standards or guidelines? Public Speaking at Park University

Unethical: Name-Calling The use of language to defame, demean, or degrade individuals or groups. Speech at the White House Correspondent's Dinner (2006) p1 8 min   Public Speaking at Park University

Public Speaking at Park University Unethical: Plagiarism is presenting another person’s language or ideas as one’s own. Cite all sources quoted. Cite all sources paraphrased. Family Guy Steals From Simpsons ( Part 1 of 2 ) 4 min - Public Speaking at Park University

Unethical Public Speaking Stealing a speech entirely from a single source and passing it off as one’s own. Stealing ideas or language from two or three sources and passing them off as one’s own. Failing to give credit for particular parts of a speech that are borrowed from other people. Public Speaking at Park University

Plagiarism and the Internet Cite sources when using Internet materials Take careful research notes Use high quality sources, such as those from the government or educational institution Public Speaking at Park University

Guidelines for Ethical Listening Be courteous and attentive Avoid prejudging the speaker Maintain the free and open expression of ideas Public Speaking at Park University

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Why Practice Public Speaking? To learn to manage your nervousness. To improve your skills. To broaden your experiences. To improve your ability to think on your feet. To increase your flexibility and adaptation to the audience. Research says public speaking practice of all kinds WORKS! Public Speaking at Park University

Public Speaking at Park University Radio Speech  Write a statement in which you strongly believe. Pretend you are calling in to a radio talk show and make your statement. Either the teacher or a student can role-play the talk show announcer. Make sure you have a clear voice to convey your message. Public Speaking at Park University