Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 Public Speaking: An Audience-Centered Approach – 7 th edition Chapter 4 Listening To Speeches This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: · any public performances or display, including transmission of any image over a network; · preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; · any rental, lease, or lending of the program. Steven A. Beebe & Susan J. Beebe

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 “Learn how to listen and you will prosper – even from those who talk badly.” - Plutarch

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 Barriers to Effective Listening Failure to Select, Attend, Understand or Remember Select: pick one message. Attend: focus on that message. Understand: make sense of message. Remember: recall information.

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 Barriers to Effective Listening Information Overload “Tuning out,” due to so much information. Speakers: balance new information with supporting material. Listeners: try to focus on your speaker.

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 Barriers to Effective Listening Personal Concerns Thoughts distract. Speakers: use “wake up” messages, intensified volume and eye-contact. Listeners: note distractions and redirect attention to speaker.

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 Barriers to Effective Listening Outside Distractions People & sounds. Speakers: reduce or eliminate distractions. Listeners: make adjustments yourself.

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 Barriers to Effective Listening Prejudice Judging so soon, that you bypass the speech. Speakers: avoid words that might be misinterpreted. Listeners: recognize “snap judgments.”

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 Barriers to Effective Listening Differences Between Hearing & Thinking We process words faster than they are given. Speakers: summarize and build in redundant ideas. Listeners: channel energy to mentally summarize.

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 Barriers to Effective Listening Receiver Apprehension Fear of misunderstanding or misinterpreting spoken messages. Speakers: summarize and show visual aids. Listeners: visualize being successful in understanding and interpreting.

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 How to Become a Better Listener Listen with your eyes also See if you are paying attention. Pay attention to nonverbal messages.

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 How to Become a Better Listener Accurately Interpret the Message Consider context of nonverbal messages. Look for several cues. Focus on message, not delivery style. Keep emotions in check.

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 How to Become a Better Listener Accurately Interpret the Message Avoid jumping to conclusions. Listen for major ideas:  Enumerations.  Transitions.  Summaries.

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 How to Become a Better Listener Accurately Interpret the Message Identify your listening goal:  For pleasure.  To empathize.  To evaluate.  For information. Practice listening.

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 How to Become a Better Listener Accurately Interpret the Message Understand your listening style: People-Oriented:feelings & emotions. Action-Oriented: organized & brief. Content-Oriented:facts & details. Time-Oriented: succinct messages.

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 How to Become a Better Listener Accurately Interpret the Message Become an active listener: Remain alert. Re-sort what is heard. Rephrase what is heard. Repeat key information.

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 Improving Your Note-Taking Skills Bring paper & pen/pencil. Decide if you need to take notes. Decide what types of notes to take. Make notes meaningful.

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 Listening and Critical Thinking Critical listening: evaluating quality of information presented. Critical thinking: making judgments about conclusions observed.

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 Listening and Critical Thinking Separate Facts from Inferences Fact: proven to be true. Inference: evaluation that is not directly observed.

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 Listening and Critical Thinking Evaluate the Quality of Evidence Facts. Examples. Opinions. Statistics.

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 Listening and Critical Thinking Evaluate the Quality of Logic & Reasoning Logic: formal system of rules used to reach conclusion. Reasoning: drawing conclusion from evidence.

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 Analyzing and Evaluating Speeches Criteria for Evaluating a Speech It should be effective. It should be appropriate. Rhetorical Criticism: evaluating a speech’s effectiveness & appropriateness.

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 Analyzing and Evaluating Speeches Analyzing Rhetorical Strategies Pay attention to: Speech goal. Organization. Speaker’s role. Tone of speech. Intended audience.

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 Analyzing and Evaluating Speeches Giving Feedback to Others Be descriptive. Be specific. Be positive. Be constructive. Be sensitive. Be realistic.

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 Analyzing and Evaluating Speeches Giving Feedback to Yourself Recognize your strengths. Think of speech context. Identify one or two areas for improvement.