Insert Your Name/Logo Here Presented by National Scald Prevention Campaign

Developed by National Scald Prevention Campaign Steering Committee This document was prepared under a grant from FEMA’s Grants Programs Directorate, U.S. Department of Homeland Security; AFG Fire Prevention and Safety Grants. Points of view or opinions expressed in this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of FEMA’s Grants Program Directorate or the U.S. Department of Homeland Security. Scald Prevention

Annual United States Statistics  3,400 deaths  450,000 burn injuries treated  30,000 hospitalized in specialized burn centers  One-third of people admitted to burn centers are for scald injuries SOURCE: American Burn Association: Burn Incidence & Treatment in the U.S., 2013 Fact Sheet Burn and Fire Deaths and Injuries

SOURCE: American Burn Association: Burn Incidence & Treatment in the U.S., 2013 Fact Sheet Burn and Fire Deaths and Injuries  Overwhelming majority (84%) of scald burns happen in our homes!

“I never thought tap water could get that hot!” “It won’t happen in my house!” “I only turned my back for a second!” Dangerous Attitudes About Scalds

What is a Scald Injury?  A scald injury occurs… ─ When contact with hot liquid or steam damages one or more layers of skin

 What are the frequent causes of scald injury?  Who are the most frequent victims?  How can scald burn injuries be prevented?  What are the frequent causes of scald injury?  Who are the most frequent victims?  How can scald burn injuries be prevented? Scald Prevention Topics

 Hot Beverage Spills  Cooking  Hot Tap Water  Hot Beverage Spills  Cooking  Hot Tap Water Frequent Sources of Scald Injury

Most Frequent Scald Injury Victims  Young Children  Older adults

62% of all burns to young children are scalds Source: American Burn Association National Burn Repository 2014 Types of Burn Injuries to Children

 Curiosity, imitation  Limited understanding of danger  Children watching younger children  Curiosity, imitation  Limited understanding of danger  Children watching younger children Why are Younger Children at Risk?

 Limited ability to react quickly to hot contact  Thin skin = deeper burn  Small body = big burn  Limited ability to react quickly to hot contact  Thin skin = deeper burn  Small body = big burn Why are Younger Children at Risk?

 Thin skin = deeper burn  Reduced mobility, agility, vision, general awareness  Reduced ability to feel heat, due to health conditions or medication  Thin skin = deeper burn  Reduced mobility, agility, vision, general awareness  Reduced ability to feel heat, due to health conditions or medication Why are Older Adults at Risk?

 Kitchen/dining areas  Bathrooms  Kitchen/dining areas  Bathrooms Where do Most Scald Injuries Occur?

 Nature of substance  Temperature of substance  Length of contact  Extent of body area scalded  Location of scald  Skin thickness  Nature of substance  Temperature of substance  Length of contact  Extent of body area scalded  Location of scald  Skin thickness What Factors Determine Scald Injury Severity?

 Household modifications  Everyday precautions  Adult supervision of children  Household modifications  Everyday precautions  Adult supervision of children NEW PICTURE Protecting Children From Scalds

Household Modifications Protecting Children from Scalds: Kitchen and Dining Areas  Mark and explain a “No-Kid Zone”  Avoid using tablecloths  Use “travel mugs” with spill- resistant lids  Mark and explain a “No-Kid Zone”  Avoid using tablecloths  Use “travel mugs” with spill- resistant lids

 Avoid cluttered countertops  Keep hot food and beverages away from counter and table edges  Avoid cluttered countertops  Keep hot food and beverages away from counter and table edges Protecting Children from Scalds: Kitchen and Dining Areas

 Keep crock pots and fryers away from counter edge  Keep appliance cords short or coiled  Avoid using extension cords  Keep crock pots and fryers away from counter edge  Keep appliance cords short or coiled  Avoid using extension cords Protecting Children from Scalds: Kitchen and Dining Areas

Visitor rules  Educate friends, relatives, caregivers and babysitters about scald risks  Encourage them to practice safety behaviors Visitor rules  Educate friends, relatives, caregivers and babysitters about scald risks  Encourage them to practice safety behaviors Protecting Children from Scalds: Kitchen and Dining Areas

 Cook on rear burners  Turn pan handles away from stove front  Cook on rear burners  Turn pan handles away from stove front Protecting Children from Scalds: Kitchen and Dining Areas

 Supervise at all times  Keep hot food and liquids out of reach  Never hold a young child when: ─ Preparing or serving hot food ─ Drinking a hot beverage  Supervise at all times  Keep hot food and liquids out of reach  Never hold a young child when: ─ Preparing or serving hot food ─ Drinking a hot beverage Protecting Children from Scalds: Kitchen and Dining Areas

Safety Underfoot  Use non-slip floor mats near food preparation areas Safety Underfoot  Use non-slip floor mats near food preparation areas Protecting Children and Older Adults from Scalds: Kitchen and Dining Areas

 Wipe up spills immediately  Be sure path is clear when carrying or serving food (pets, children, toys, etc.) Protecting Children and Older Adults from Scalds: Kitchen and Dining Areas

 Place on countertop, not mounted above stove  Use only microwave-safe cookware  Allow food to cool before opening door  Place on countertop, not mounted above stove  Use only microwave-safe cookware  Allow food to cool before opening door Protecting Children and Older Adults from Scalds: Microwave Ovens

 Mix foods before serving  Always open lids or coverings away from your face to allow hot steam to escape Protecting Children and Older Adults from Scalds: Microwave Ovens

 Restaurants  Campsites  Grandparent homes  Other caregiver homes  Restaurants  Campsites  Grandparent homes  Other caregiver homes Scalds Away From Home

Tap Water Scalds

155° F 68° C 1 Second 140° F 60° C 5 Seconds 127° F 52° C 1 Minute 120° F 48° C 5 Minutes 100° F38° CSafe Bathing Temperature  Time and temperature for water to cause a serious burn in a healthy adult Setting a Safe Hot Water Temperature

Recommended residential standard: 120°F (48°C) or below “Medium” setting (U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission) Nursing homes and child care facilities: 110°F (43°C) (Recommended by some state or local regulations) Source: Peck M, Brewer AC, Pressman M, Blank E, Mickalide A. Hot tap water legislation in the United States. J Burn Care Res 2010;31(6): Standards

Protecting Children and Older Adults from Scalds: Bathrooms Household Modifications  Set water heather thermostat starting at 120° F (48° C)  Consider installing temperature control devices  Practice fall prevention measures

 Run hot water up to two minutes at tap  Test temperature with cooking thermometer  Lower setting as needed  Run hot water up to two minutes at tap  Test temperature with cooking thermometer  Lower setting as needed Setting a Safe Hot Water Temperature

 Tempering Valve – on water line  Anti-Scald Valves – on shower heads and faucets  Tempering Valve – on water line  Anti-Scald Valves – on shower heads and faucets Bathroom Scald Prevention: Equipment

Fall Prevention  Grab bars  Non-slip mats in tub/shower and on floor  Shower/bath chair Fall Prevention  Grab bars  Non-slip mats in tub/shower and on floor  Shower/bath chair Bathroom Scald Prevention: Equipment

 For single control faucet, always turn on and off in the “cold” position  For dual control faucet, always turn “cold” faucet on first, and off last  Make sure all household members and caregivers understand these controls Bathroom Scald Prevention: Precautions

 Check water temperature before placing child in tub or shower  Instruct carefully any older siblings who help bathe young children  Young children should never be left alone in the tub  Check water temperature before placing child in tub or shower  Instruct carefully any older siblings who help bathe young children  Young children should never be left alone in the tub Bathroom Scald Prevention: Behaviors

Scalds are Preventable! High Risk Groups are:  Children under 5 years of age  Older Adults Summary Statement

National Scald Prevention Campaign This presentation, and the images and photographs contained herein, may not be reproduced for profit without the permission of the National Scald Prevention Steering Committee.