“Teaching the Science, Inspiring the Art, Producing Aviation Candidates!” AirspaceAirspace Going From Point A to Point G Written for the Notre Dame Pilot Initiative By the Pilots of the University of Notre Dame Written for the Notre Dame Pilot Initiative By the Pilots of the University of Notre Dame

QuoteQuote “To most people, the sky is the limit. To those who love aviation, the sky is home.” Anonymous “To most people, the sky is the limit. To those who love aviation, the sky is home.” Anonymous

RoadmapRoadmap  Controlled Airspace  Uncontrolled Airspace  Special Use Airspace  Other Airspace  Controlled Airspace  Uncontrolled Airspace  Special Use Airspace  Other Airspace

Types of Airspace  Controlled  Class A – Altitude  Class B – Big / Boeing  Class C – Crowded  Class D – Dialogue  Class E – Everything Else  Uncontrolled  Class G – Go for it  Controlled  Class A – Altitude  Class B – Big / Boeing  Class C – Crowded  Class D – Dialogue  Class E – Everything Else  Uncontrolled  Class G – Go for it

Types of Airspace (cont.)  Special Use  Restricted Airspace  Prohibited Airspace  Military Operations Area (MOA)  Warning Area  Alert Area  Controlled Firing Area  Special Use  Restricted Airspace  Prohibited Airspace  Military Operations Area (MOA)  Warning Area  Alert Area  Controlled Firing Area

Types of Airspace (cont.)  Other Airspace  Temporary Flight Restriction (TFR)  Other Airspace  Temporary Flight Restriction (TFR)

Class A (Alpha)  Generally, the airspace from 18,000 MSL up to FL600

Class A Regulations  IFR Only  IFR Clearance/Equipment  No visibility or cloud clearance requirements

Class B (Bravo)  Generally, the airspace from the surface to 10,000 MSL surrounding the nations busiest airports  Individually tailored  Multi-Layered  Looks like upside down wedding cake  Generally, the airspace from the surface to 10,000 MSL surrounding the nations busiest airports  Individually tailored  Multi-Layered  Looks like upside down wedding cake

Class B Regulations  ATC Clearance Required  Mode C Transponder within 30NM veil  Radio  250-knot speed limit within Class B  200-knot under Class B or in corridor  Private Pilot, or Endorsed Student Certificate*  3SM visibility  No cloud clearance requirement *Some Class B airports prohibits student pilots

Class C (Charlie)  Generally, the airspace from the surface to 4,000 AGL above an airport  One Layer  Individually Tailored  5NM core  10NM shelf area from 1,200 AGL to 4,000 AGL  Generally, the airspace from the surface to 4,000 AGL above an airport  One Layer  Individually Tailored  5NM core  10NM shelf area from 1,200 AGL to 4,000 AGL

Class C Regulations  IFR: Clearance Required  VFR: Radio Contact  Mode C inside or above (up to 10,000 MSL)  200-knot speed limit below 2,500 AGL within 4NM of airport  Student Certificate  3SM visibility  Cloud Clearance  500 Below / 1,000 Above / 2,000 Horizontal  Guarantees IFR, Special VFR, and Runway separation  VFR time permitting  Traffic Advisories

Class D (Delta)  Generally, the airspace from the surface up to 2,500 AGL  Individually tailored  Cylinder  Based upon the instrument procedures in place  Generally, the airspace from the surface up to 2,500 AGL  Individually tailored  Cylinder  Based upon the instrument procedures in place

Class D Regulations  IFR: Clearance Required  VFR: Radio Contact  200-knot speed limit below 2,500 AGL within 4NM of airport  Student Certificate  3SM visibility  Cloud Clearance  500 Below / 1,000 Above / 2,000 Horizontal  Guarantees IFR, Special VFR, and Runway separation  Traffic Advisories workload permitting

Class E  Generally, all controlled airspace that is not Class A, B, C or D  Class E below 14,500 MSL is charted  Surface Area  Extension to existing surface area  Transition  Beginning at 700 or 1,200* AGL  Federal Airways  Extend upward from 1,200 AGL to 17,999 MSL *Almost all Class E airspace East of the Rockies begins at 1,200 AGL  Generally, all controlled airspace that is not Class A, B, C or D  Class E below 14,500 MSL is charted  Surface Area  Extension to existing surface area  Transition  Beginning at 700 or 1,200* AGL  Federal Airways  Extend upward from 1,200 AGL to 17,999 MSL *Almost all Class E airspace East of the Rockies begins at 1,200 AGL

Class E Regulations  IFR: Clearance/Comm Required  Student Certificate Guarantees IFR and Special VFR separation  Traffic Advisories workload permitting Below 10,000 MSL 3SM visibility Cloud Clearance 500 below 1,000 above 2,000 horizontal 10,000 MSL and above 5SM visibility Cloud Clearance 1,000 below 1,000 above 1SM horizontal

Class G (Golf)  Airspace that has not been classified as Class A, B, C, D or E

Class G Regulations  Student Certificate  Traffic Advisories workload permitting DayNight Below 1,200 AGL Below 10,000 MSL Above 10,000 MSL Below 1,200 AGL Below 10,000 MSL Above 10,000 MSL 1SM 5SM3SM 5SM Clear of Clouds 500 Below 1,000 Above 2,000 Horiz 1,000 Below 1,000 Above 1SM Horiz 500 Below 1,000 Above 2,000 Horiz 500 Below 1,000 Above 2,000 Horiz 1,000 Below 1,000 Above 1SM Horiz

Restricted Area  Aircraft subject to restrictions  Unusual, often invisible, hazards to aircraft such as artillery firing, aerial gunnery, or guided missiles  Authorization from controlling agency  If IFR, ATC will coordinate  IF VFR, pilot’s responsibility  Aircraft subject to restrictions  Unusual, often invisible, hazards to aircraft such as artillery firing, aerial gunnery, or guided missiles  Authorization from controlling agency  If IFR, ATC will coordinate  IF VFR, pilot’s responsibility

Prohibited Airspace  Aircraft are prohibited  Established for national security or other reasons associated with national welfare  Aircraft are prohibited  Established for national security or other reasons associated with national welfare

Military Operations Area (MOA)  Purpose is to separate IFR traffic from military training activity  If IFR, ATC will coordinate  If VFR, no authorization is necessary – proceed with caution  Activities include (but not limited to): air combat tactics, air intercepts, aerobatics, formation training, and low-altitude tactics  Purpose is to separate IFR traffic from military training activity  If IFR, ATC will coordinate  If VFR, no authorization is necessary – proceed with caution  Activities include (but not limited to): air combat tactics, air intercepts, aerobatics, formation training, and low-altitude tactics

Warning Area  Airspace of defined dimensions, extending from 3NM outward from the coast of the U.S.  Purpose is to warn nonparticipating pilots of potential danger  Airspace of defined dimensions, extending from 3NM outward from the coast of the U.S.  Purpose is to warn nonparticipating pilots of potential danger

Alert Area  Depicted on aeronautical charts to inform nonparticipating pilots of areas that may contain a high volume of pilot training or an unusual type of aerial activity  No authorization required – proceed with caution  Both participating and nonparticipating pilots are equally responsible  Depicted on aeronautical charts to inform nonparticipating pilots of areas that may contain a high volume of pilot training or an unusual type of aerial activity  No authorization required – proceed with caution  Both participating and nonparticipating pilots are equally responsible

Controlled Firing Area  Uncharted areas containing activities that, if not conducted in a controlled environment, could be hazardous to nonparticipating aircraft  All activities suspended when an aircraft is spotted that might be approaching  Uncharted areas containing activities that, if not conducted in a controlled environment, could be hazardous to nonparticipating aircraft  All activities suspended when an aircraft is spotted that might be approaching

Temporary Flight Restriction (TFR)  Purpose  Protect persons and property in the air or on the surface  National Disasters  Protect President, VP, other important figures  Issued by NOTAM (Notice to Airmen)  Purpose  Protect persons and property in the air or on the surface  National Disasters  Protect President, VP, other important figures  Issued by NOTAM (Notice to Airmen)

Questions? (Like how this thing flies?)