Chapter 10---Mrs. Arneson The Greek World

Notes You should have the following Vocabulary Notes: Phalanx Hippocrates Sophocles Cavalry Satraps Thucydides Reason Zoroastrian Parthenon Alliance Xerxes Plato

Notes for Section ONE The Greeks defeated the invading Persian army in the Battle of Marathon due to their better weapons and armor. Greece was the winner of the Persian Wars Darius I was known as the king of kings. He strengthened the Persian Empire. The Immortals were 10,000 soldiers chosen for their bravery and skill.

Notes for Section ONE The Royal Road was more than 1,700 miles long and its creation allowed Persian Messengers to travel quickly throughout the empire Cyrus the Great founded the Persian Empire Greece defeated two major Persian invasions in the Persian Wars

Notes for Section TWO After the Persian Wars, many Greek city-states formed alliances. The two main alliances were the Delian League headed by Athens and the Peloponnesian League headed by Sparta Sparta became alarmed by Athen’s growing power and declared war. This war was known as the Peloponnesian War.

Notes for Section TWO The fighting and wars in the Greek city-states left Greek open for attacks from outsiders Spartans believed that military power was the way to provide security and protection for their city Boys in Sparta were trained to be disciplined and obedient soldiers Athenian Women had almost no rights at all.

Notes for Section THREE Philip II was able to defeat the Greeks by borrowing and improving their war strategies. Philip’s army fought as a phalanx, with spears longer than those of their opponent. Alexander the Great’s efforts to build an empire made him one of the greatest conquerors in history.

Notes for Section THREE In the 300’s BC Macedonia easily defeated the Greek city-states King Philip was murdered and control of Greece passed to his son Alexander the Great, who was only 20 years old when he began to rule. Alexander the Great conquered Persia, Egypt and part of India After Alexander the Great’s death his empire was divided and split between three of his general’s.

Notes for Section FOUR The Parthenon was a beautiful temple to the goddess Athena and one of the most impressive of all ancient Greek buildings. One of the greatest Greek historians was Thucydides, who wrote a history of the Peloponnesian Wars Socrates taught by asking questions that challenged people to think about their beliefs Aristotle taught that people should live their lives in moderation, or balance, based on reason.

Notes for Section FOUR Greek scientist Euclid devoted his life to studying mathematics and developed many of the geometry rules used today Archimedes was a great Greek inventor and he created the water screw to help bring water from a lower level to a higher one Hippocrates was a great medical scholar and developed ideas about how doctors should behave