Applications Development on Air Pollution Monitoring within ESA Programmes Claus Zehner – Exploitation and Services Division (ESRIN)

Programmatic Part:  GMES and the ESA Data User Element GMES:  The PROMOTE project DUE:  The TEMIS project Overview of Presentation

GMES - Atmosphere Global Monitoring for Environment and Security joint EU-ESA initiative ( European contribution to GEOSS Phase 1 – consolidation/development EC/FP6 research and development: Integrated Project GEMS ESA/GSE (GMES Service Element) demonstration service: PROMOTE Phase 2 – implementation EC/FP7 pilot services (3 fast track + 2 other) aiming at fusion of EC and ESA services „GAS“ dedicated satellites: Sentinel 4+5 (LEO+GEO)

Data User Element (DUE) - Atmosphere ESA Programme to develop Services for End-users optional ESA Programme that was initially only supported by 3 ESA member states (Belgium, Switzerland, and The Netherlands) and started about 10 years ago Italy joined next and now DUE is part of the EO-Envelope Programme (all members states participating) more detailed information: 1 project dealing with Air Quality Monitoring: Tropospheric Emission Service (precursor service for GSE on atmosphere)

Missions Used

PROMOTE Protocol Monitoring for the GMES Service Element on Atmosphere

PROMOTE Stage 1: Consolidation 20 months (2004 – 2006)  1 of 13 GSE (ESA GMES Service Element) projects dealing with the atmosphere PROMOTE Stage 2: Scaling-up 36 months (KO: July 2006 – end 2009)  Project musts: Demonstrate progress towards long-term sustainability for the set of services Deliver services and benefits to users on progressively larger scales Establish a durable, open, distributed GMES Service Provision Network Establish common standards and working practices for GMES Services  3 annual phases with reviews by Users and by ESA  Year 2 kicked-off September new partners, 7 new services, 10 new users

All GSE services have formal annual evaluations  ESA funding from year-to-year dependent upon user satisfaction All services provided in GSE projects must have formally named user organisations as recipient  Formal mechanism is a Service Level Agreement (SLA): defines service delivery  Users obligated to provide formal evaluations each year  Services open to use by anyone as all data are available via internet

>60 Service Level Agreements (SLAs) Local, regional and national public agencies  Environmental agencies (D, A, IR, UK, F, B, NL, I, CH, FI, E)  Meteorological Institutes (D, P)  Health organisations (UK, D, I) International Organizations  ECMWF  NILU/EMEP  WMO (SLA in progress)  European Environmental Agency User Federating Groups  Professional Society of German Dermatologists  SPARC-CCMVal: Climate Modelling Validation

PROMOTE Portfolio 5 themes selected based on user requirements and maturity of satellite and ground-based observations OzoneUVAir QualitySupport to Climate Support to Aviation Control

Support To Aviation Control Service Near-real time SCIAMACHY SO2, trajectory analysis

Greenhouse Gases – CO 2 Monthly Mean

Total ozone column in NRT based on GOME, SCIAMACHY and OMI User: ECMWF - improvement of medium range weather forecast Global total ozone observations in near-real time

Global total ozone forecasts 9-day forecast of total ozone based on SCIAMACHY User: WMO - Monitoring of ozone hole other uses: Weather Services, PROMOTE UV Services

UV Information Service Personalized location-based services  Individual sunburn time  UV index  recommended sun protection factor via internet or mobile phone … any time, any place in Europe

Air Quality Services Products  Global and European Air Quality records  European-scale Air Quality analyses and forecasts (daily)  Local/urban-scale Air Quality forecasts and assessments  Desert dust awareness (regional)  Pollen (regional  European)  Satellite-based ground-level PM (regional and European)  Regional Air Quality Scenario Tool User Applications  Monitoring of levels and changes in global pollutants  Assessments of European and national air quality  Minimization of health impacts to European citizens, especially those with heart or respiratory diseases

Regional AQ Forecasting – Integration of ground-based and satellite measurements into the same Model (e.g. CHIMERE)

Integrated European Air Quality Ensemble

Your Air Service Greater London Co-operation with 30 London agencies and authorities

Examples of Data Usage as provided by the TEMIS DUE project via TEMIS project running since 2002 and currently being extended by the end of 2009 Main focus on Air Pollution Monitoring Examples of data-usage in China in India are presented here – User Workshop early Oct at ESRIN with focus on end-users outside Europe

Traffic Restrictions Associated with the Sino- African Summit: Reductions of NO x Detected from Space Yuxuan Wang, Michael B. McElroy, K. Folkert Boersma School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University Henk J. Eskes, J. Pepijn Veefkind KNMI, De Bilt, The Netherlands Forbidden CityDowntown Traffic 6pm

Traffic Restrictions in Beijing during the Sino-African Summit: a natural experiment  Sino-African Summit: Nov 4 – 6, 2006  Purpose of traffic restrictions: to accommodate the meeting; dress-rehearsal for the 2008 Olympics Games  Traffic Restrictions major initiatives  Bans on government vehicles (490,000 vehicles kept in garage)  Increased capacity in public transportation  Road restrictions  call on private drivers  Public News: 30% reduction in on-road vehicles (800,000 out of 3 million)

Day-to-day Variability in OMI NO 2  Apparent decrease in NO 2 over Beijing during the Summit  Some variations not driven by emission changes  Need a chemical transport model to interpret the OMI observations  Need a chemical transport model to interpret the OMI observations. Before Summit during Summit after Summit Oct. 29 Nov. 5Nov. 7

OMI Observations and Model (GEOS-CHEM) Comparisons OMI (0.5 o x0.5 o ) model

Detection of NO 2 Emission Hotspots, Trend and Seasonal Variation over Indian Subcontinent Using TEMIS tropospheric column NO 2 Sachin D. Ghude & Suvarna Fadnavis, Yogesh K. Tiwari, G. Beig, Suraj Polade Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pashan, Pune (INDIA)

The regional distributions for NO 2 LPS (large Point Source) emissions corresponds to coal and petroleum consumption pattern for India. Coal contributes 45 % of total NOx emission in India while, transport contributes 32% of NOx emission which mostly consist of small and dispersed sources. The contribution of biomass burning to NOx production is less over the India which contributes 10-20% during March to May. Electric power sector is the dominant component of Indian energy sector. In India, coal is the primary fuel in thermal power plants, and gasoline and diesel are the primary fuels for automobiles. About 70% of all India coal consumption is for power generation. These plants generated almost 60% of total generated power for the nation. Thermal power generation in India grew from MW in 1985 to MW in March 2007 out of which MW in 1985 to MW in March 2007 is due to coal used thermal power generation. The present annual growth rate of electric power consumption in India is 4%

Chandrapur, 2340 MW/day Ramagundam, 2600MW/day Pune Orba, Singrauli, Rihand (>4000MW/Day) Kota Bangalore Kottagudem (1200MW/Day) Vijayawada (1300 MW/Day) Raichur (1300 MW/Day) Talcher (1500) Vindhyachal (2300 MW/Day) Korba (3200 MW/Day) Nagpur, Korhadi (1200 MW/Day) Bokaro, Chandrapura, Durgapur, Santaldih, Subermarekha, Culcutta Wanakbori, Ukri, Bhurvaran (2700 MW/day) Mumbai Delhi

Mumbai Gujarat Golden Corridor. (Urban centers, transport, Power, Industry) 2.Delhi Region (Urban centers, transport, Power, Industry,Biomass burning, Cement) 3.Northeast and East India Industrial Sector (near coal mine) (Power, Steel, Cement transport, Urban centers, Industry, Biomass burning,) 4.Southern Region (Power, Cement Urban centers) 5.Central India Power Plant region (near coal mine). (Power, Steel, Cement) 1.e10 13 molecules/cm 2

Region 1: 2.4 %/Year Region 2: 3 %/Year Region 3: 1.6 %/Year Region 4: 1.55 %/Year Region 5: 1.3 %/Year All India : 1.4 %/Year However when October- March months are considered the NO 2 show increase of about 3% and 4.7% / year over region 1 and 2 respectively. While over India it is observed 2.1 %/year. Temporal evolution of tropospheric NO 2 column from period over the major emission region

Conclusion: The location of emission hot spots correlates well with the location of mega thermal power plants, mega cities, urban and Industrial Region, emphasizing the contribution of emission through thermal power plants, transport sector, and Industrial sector. This suggests that the changes in NO2 column over the Indian region and majority of selected industrialized regions are consistent and not dominated by year to year variation. Pronounced seasonal variation in NO2 concentration is observed with minimum during monsoon and maximum during winter. Good agreement between the NO2 seasonal cycle measurements from satellite and from ground based stations, demonstrates well the ability of SCIAMACHY to detect pollution within the PBL. Southern Indian region dose not seem to be a large source of emissions as compared to rest of the India.

Conclusions for this Meeting: First satellite Air Quality data show promising possible usage but different retrieval methods lead to different results (e.g. NO 2 trend analysis) Future co-operation between satellite, in-situ, and emission inventory experts will be essential in order to find out which measurement interpretation is close to the truth and is ‘best’ for applications. Check and to get an overview about ESA activities on AQ monitoring.