1. CAPACITY User Requirements by Albert P H Goede 7 April 2004, KNMI Objective of Work Package 1000 Definition of User Requirements for Operational Monitoring of Atmospheric Composition Based on input User Consultation on present and future needs for atmospheric observations

2. CAPACITY PM2 KNMI, 7 April 2004 WP1000 Reference Documents WG 1 to 5 reports User Consultation (January 2004) Report JM Flaud Air Quality (February 2004) IGOS-P IGACO Theme Report (May 2004) GMES GATO Strategy Report (March 2004) GEO User Requirement and Outreach (April 2004)

3. CAPACITY PM2 KNMI, 7 April 2004 WP 1000 Approach (recall KO meeting 3 September 2003) Workshop 20/21 January 2004 List of participants/Users, Session/panel leaders, rapporteur/report editor, presenters at workshop Input information based on Ch3 and 4 CAPACITY Out before and around X-mas. Prelim announcement October time. User preparation (through GMES ?) MTR User feedback June 2004 Production of requirement Tables, iteration with team (Feb-April). Tables out to users May 2004. Feedback MTR. Consolidation requirements

4. CAPACITY PM2 KNMI, 7 April 2004 Relevant Initiatives and Programmes GEOSS 10 yr Implementation plan Feb 2005, including UV, Air Pollution and Climate Change EC GMES action plan 2004-2008, 6thEAP including Air Quality and Climate Change IGOS-P IGACO Integrated Global Observation strategy 10 year EC GMES GATO definition of global atmospheric observations ESA GMES PROMOTE operational atmosphere service 2004-2004, 2006-2008, 2009-2013 EUMETSAT MetOp 2005-2020 operational atmospheric monitoring mission (GOME, IASI, AVHRR)

5. CAPACITY PM2 KNMI, 7 April 2004 Atmospheric Composition Areas and Applications

6. CAPACITY PM2 KNMI, 7 April 2004 User Requirements Ozone Policy: Montreal Observations: ground, aircraft, satellites Models: data assimilation Primary product for Protocol Monitoring and Understanding (accuracy): Total ozone time series 1979-2020 retrieved from TOMS, GOME, SCIA, OMI, GOME-2 at 1% accuracy. Spatial and Temporal requirements as per IGACO Tables

7. CAPACITY PM2 KNMI, 7 April 2004 User Requirements Ozone Primary products for Forecast and Understanding (accuracy): Daily level 2 total ozone (1%) Daily level 4 (assimilated) total ozone (1%) Daily 5-10 day total ozone forecast (1%) Daily 3D stratosphere ozone (assimilated total O3) (1%) Daily troposphere ozone column fields (assimilated total O3) (10%) Daily level 2 ozone profiles (5%) Daily level 4 ozone profiles (assimilated O3 profiles)

8. CAPACITY PM2 KNMI, 7 April 2004 User Requirements UV Policy: Montreal Observations: ground, satellites Models: assimilated O3 fields, radiation transfer, clouds (model and forecast) Primary product for Protocol Monitoring, Forecast and Understanding: UV index (clear sky) time series, global and regional maps, monthly/seasonal averages, 1 index point accuracy. UV dose (clouded) time series, global and regional maps, monthly/seasonal averages, 25W/m2 CIE weighted accuracy. Spatial and temporal as per IGACO

9. CAPACITY PM2 KNMI, 7 April 2004 User Requirements Air Pollution Policy: CLRTAP and EC Framework Directives Observations: ground, satellite Models: CTMs (meteo fields, emissions, assimilation) Requirements: Air quality (Boundary Layer) Oxidising capacity (Free troposphere) Long Range Transport

10. CAPACITY PM2 KNMI, 7 April 2004 1. Air Quality Spatial and temporal requirements for BL and FT: Horizontal Scale: 50 km down to 10 km  Vertical Scale: FT/BL typically 1km  Temporal Resolution: 6 hours (fronts) down to 1 hourly In case data assimilation is available:  less stringent constraints  global coverage  time series over decades (> 2 solar cycles) Analysis of causes requires additional data on:  understanding deposition:  Stratosphere/Troposphere Exchange  Photolysis Rates + Temperature  Hydrocarbons (VOC, natural) (Not in IGACO), CO, CH4, H2O, NOx (NO + NO2), CH2O, PAN…

11. CAPACITY PM2 KNMI, 7 April 2004 2. Oxidising Capacity Understanding requires data on:  Trend in OH, globally better than 1%, regionally better than 5% by indirect methods (methyl Chloroform) or more direct: via simultaneous measurement of H2O, O3, NOx, CH4, CO, in combination with modelling. Analysis of causes why OH is changing requires observational data at process level:  Production: O3, NO + NO2, H2O2, ROOH, photolysis, Temperature, H2O  Loss: CO, CH4, Hydrocarbons, CH2O, O3, NO2, … Related data: HO2, CH3O2, Relevant Scales: see IGACO Modelling is needed:  Emissions (NOx, Biomass Burning) Surface Albedo, J-values, Aerosols, …

12. CAPACITY PM2 KNMI, 7 April 2004 3. Long Range Transport Observations are required on: CO, NOx/NOy, O3, POPs, Hg Scales: Horizontal Scale: 50 km down to10 km Vertical Scale: FT/BL/UTLS down to 1km Temporal resolution: daily down to 6 hours (fronts)

13. CAPACITY PM2 KNMI, 7 April 2004 Air Pollution Monitoring and Understanding Free Troposphere NO2 global field, location specific time series Boundary Layer NO2 global field, location specific time series Troposphere O3 global field, location specific time series Boundary Layer O3 global field, location specific time series Troposphere aerosol AOD/Å, regional/global time series annual mean Boundary Layer aerosol AOD/Å, regional/global time series SO2 troposphere, high pollution regions/episodes HCHO troposphere, high pollution regions/episodes CO total, regional, global. Troposphere CO, regional, global. CH4 total, troposphere, regional, global H2O vapour total and free troposphere, regional and global

14. CAPACITY PM2 KNMI, 7 April 2004 Air Pollution Forecasting Air Quality Forecast regional, local. Air Quality Index based on mixture of O3, NO2, PM10, SO2, and CO ground level values, accuracy according to EC directives.

15. CAPACITY PM2 KNMI, 7 April 2004 User Requirements Climate Change Policy: Kyoto Observations: ground, satellite Models: CCM, inverse models, assimilation Requirements: Concentration distributions Emissions

16. CAPACITY PM2 KNMI, 7 April 2004 Climate Chemistry H2O, O3, aerosol, cirrus, and CH4 Sampling/resolution Vertical: generally 2 km or better (especially in trop) Horizontal: ~10 km2 (controlled by cloud in lower trop) Sampling/resolution requirements lower in stratosphere Daily (at least) Precision/accuracy: typically ~10%

17. CAPACITY PM2 KNMI, 7 April 2004 Emissions Kyoto gases CO2, CH4, N2O, SF6, HFC’s, CFC’s Spatial and temporal range: Horizontal: global Height: troposphere down to boundary layer Time: decadal Sampling/resolution Vertical: boundary layer Horizontal: ~10 km2 country wise Monthly/seasonally Precision/accuracy: See ESA study Kyoto, albeit without integrated approach. Integrated approach will relax requirements (CO2)

18. CAPACITY PM2 KNMI, 7 April 2004 Summary Long-term continuity of data is an important operational monitoring (GMES) requirement Identify data gaps left by MetOp ie. In Air Pollution and Climate Air Quality requires high temporal resolution and boundary layer data Climate change requires GHG concentrations (IASI?) And emissions (most challenging on accuracy)