Electric cars – regional challenges Marianne Saenen ARE – 30 June

Present situation ARE – 30 June

Electric vehicles ARE – 30 June Hybrid Plug-in hybrid Electric battery Fuel cells Scooters, bicycles

Electric battery vehicle ARE – 30 June Any primary energy 30% CO2 reduction Low local pollution Improve independence fossil fuels Competitivity EU automobile industry +

Electric battery vehicle ARE – 30 June Only… 30% reduction Increase demand on electricity Attractive car mobility… Battery recycling Low autonomy (could be a +) Stocks in resources for batteries -

Belgium… Federal level ARE – 30 June Nuclear energy, off-shore windmills Price of energy Trains Fiscal laws Research (partial – mostly fundamental)

Belgium… Regional level ARE – 30 June Renewable energy Mobility - Public transport (bus) Roads Some taxes (real estate, cars…) Land management Economic activity (parks,…) Research (partial – mainly applied) Education and training (all levels)

Federal level ARE – 30 June RER

Regional level ARE – 30 June

Energy ARE – 30 June Physical market (kWh – in grid) Provider (market price) Final client Virtual market Green certificates Provider (market price) QUOTA or 100€ fineCWAPE G.C. Green electricity production

Land management ARE – 30 June

Infrastructures ARE – 30 June

Mobility ARE – 30 June

Research ARE – 30 June

Research ARE – 30 June Representations, way of life…

Change way of life ARE – 30 June

What to do ARE – 30 June Downsizing Increased aid electric bicycles and scooters Intelligent grid development Charging infrastructures (standard) Shared electric cars (cities)? Set rates for commercial charging infrastructures Continue research

Conclusions Electric cars and climate change if -100% electric -100% renewable - change behaviours ARE – 30 June Role of governments -Promotion (premiums…) -Land management -Infrastructures -Improving technologies -Social and human aspects