Beth Forrest Warner Director, Digital Library Initiatives University of Kansas Presentation to Oregon State University Library May 5, 2003

Evolution of Access Card catalogs Online catalogs Online databases Online journals The Web Confusion!

Variety of Resources E-journals / e-serials Citation databases Full-text databases Non-serial content such as e-books, government documents, numeric datasets, spatial data, eprints, images, audio, video, websites, etc. Content manipulation tools And, don’t forget print...

Current Environment Many individual databases, journals, websites, etc. to search No standardization Presentation / “Look and Feel” Searching Content Preservation and access issues

Primary Campus Needs Effective, efficient access to existing networked scholarly / research materials Standards / methods for creation of new digital content Effective, long-term management and dissemination of campus research information

User’s Perspective Don’t bother me with the details, just get me to the stuff I want – preferably online – preferably NOW!

Our Challenge Bringing people and content together accurately, easily, efficiently…

Defining the Solution Need mechanisms for… regaining control of scholarly information collecting and organizing the information that faculty and students need for their work providing a standardized, common framework to create and manage these resources In short, a digital library…

What is a Digital Library? Selected and managed digital collections Schema for organizing and access Supporting infrastructure and architecture Systems, not projects “archetypes” not “prototypes” Sustainable Closely tied to the academic mission and built in collaboration with scholarship

Content and users are the two fundamentals that drive digital library development. Foremost are the people using the technological systems we design, and the content held within those systems. Digital Library Fundamentals Technology Content Us e rs

Sound Familiar…??? Basic hallmark of a library - the ability to provide coherence and context for access to disparate collections of information resources. A critical principle to carry forward into the digital environment and A distinguishing characteristic that separates digital libraries from simple collections of links to electronic objects.

More than links on a webpage… “[…] a ‘digital library’ is not merely equivalent to a digitized collection with information management tools. It is rather an environment to bring together collections, services and people in support of the full life cycle of creation, dissemination, use, and preservation of data, information and knowledge”. – Report of the Santa Fe Planning Workshop on Distributed Knowledge Work Environments: Digital Libraries, (1997),

So, where do we begin??

Digital Library as Framework Schema for organizing and access Supporting infrastructure and architecture Systems, not projects “archetypes” not “prototypes

Basic Principles Standards Interoperability

Digital Library Components Strategic components Architectural components

Strategic Components Applications & Environments Information Resources and Systems Information Infrastructure Distributed Network & Computing Infrastructure

Architectural Components Presentation & navigation Resource discovery Local & remote repositories Management policies & services Presentation / Navigation Resource Discovery Repositories Policies Services

The First Component… …Presentation & Navigation: The Digital Library Portal Presentation / Navigation Resource Discovery Repositories Policies Services

DL Portal Guidelines Provide a consistent framework to get to everything incorporate all categories of content offer tiers of access integrate existing resources and systems incorporate creation and manipulation tools provide customization & personalization mechanisms Accommodate all users, especially distant learners Support authentication / authorization services Provide simple and elegant navigation & access Do it all via the web

Making it Your Own… Customization: Web pages with content, services, and resources developed for specific types of clientele based on subject area and level of scholarship; i.e. a graduate student in engineering or a faculty member in biology. Personalization: The capability to add, delete, and alter the content and organization of individual web pages and interfaces through a secure system. Essentially, users have the ability to create their own expert interfaces based on a general design, specific resources, and scaleable technologies provided through the DLI. both are useful both should be available neither should be mandatory

The Second Component… …Resource Discovery Presentation / Navigation Resource Discovery Repositories Policies Services

Resource Discovery THE predominant function of the portal Integrated end user search across multiple data types and databases The portal becomes more than lots of links on a web page…

Resource Discovery Primary approaches: Search individual databases… Metadata harvesting and local consolidation Federated / meta- searching Resource linking

Metadata Harvesting Consolidation of metadata from multiple resources OAI – Open Archives Initiatives Based on standard metadata format and export protocols  Dublin Core, various community extensions Generally used with non-commercial resources so far

Federated Searching Single search access to Commercial content Other resources (searchable web sites, local repositories, etc.) Local OPAC Multi-protocol searching Z39.50 HTTP XML Gateways

Resource Linking Linking citations /references to full-text, other objects OpenURL

Current Access User Interface Bibliographic Database Z39.50 Database Z39.50 Database Z39.50 Database Z39.50 Database Z39.50 Database Databases Via HTTP Z39.50 Database Z39.50 Database XML Gateways User Interface

Enhanced Access User Interface Bibliographic Database Z39.50 Database Z39.50 Database Z39.50 Database Z39.50 Database Z39.50 Database Databases Via HTTP Z39.50 Database Z39.50 Database XML Gateways Collection Server

“Remember: only librarians like to search, everyone else likes to find.” -- Roy Tennant California Digital Library

The Third Component… …Repositories Presentation / Navigation Resource Discovery Repositories Policies Services

Types of Repositories Remote Local

Local Repositories Factors have evolved & combined to create new expectations in the academic community for the production, distribution, and interchange of scholarly communications

Local Repositories Local repositories support: Persistent storage/migration Persistent access and retrieval Persistent object names Wide availability (subject to copyright, etc.) Access control (authentication, rights management)

Local Repositories Local management of locally created materials Object registry & publishing capabilities Standardized metadata Standardized content formats Object migration path Standard “look & feel” Dissemination mechanism a specialized example…

Institutional Repositories What are institutional repositories? Digital collections that capture and preserve the intellectual output of university communities A set of services that a university offers to the members of its community for the management and dissemination of digital materials created by the institution and its community members. Most essentially, an organizational commitment to the stewardship of these digital materials, including long-term preservation where appropriate, as well as organization and access or distribution.

Why Institutional Repositories? Respond to key strategic issues facing academic institutions Provide a central component in reforming scholarly communication by stimulating innovation in a disaggregated publishing structure Tangible indicators of an institution’s quality, thus increasing its visibility, prestige, and public value

Why Institutional Repositories? Stimulate innovation in new disaggregated publishing structures Build on growing grassroots faculty practice of self-posting research online Provide more consistent, cost-effective methods of managing intellectual assets

The Fourth Component… …Services Presentation / Navigation Resource Discovery Repositories Policies Services

Digital Library Services Navigation Search protocols Access management (IAA, DRM) Metadata creation Object creation Object registry Name resolution Specialized tools (GIS, data analysis, etc.) Manipulation processes Archiving / migration

The Final Component… …Policies & Guidelines Presentation / Navigation Resource Discovery Repositories Policies Services

Policy & Guideline Issues Design (“look & feel”, branding) Access Standards (content, metadata, naming) Resource registration Economics Responsibilities Rights management Archiving / migration Interoperability Standards Project selection

Local Metadata Access Repositories Remote Metadata Repositories Remote Object Repositories Search / Retrieve Display Interface(s) Object / Metadata Masters Repositories Naming Conventions Object Format Standards Metadata Standards Rights Economics Metadata Creation Access Management Controlled Vocabularies Specialized Tools Manipulation Processes Object Creation Migration Services Policies & Guidelines Access IR Protocols Consolidated Metadata Repository Dynamicall y generated derivative Extracted Data Navigation Processes Object Registry Responsibilities Registration Design Digital Library Architecture

Bringing It All Together… Durable collections Standards, migration strategies Sustainable architecture Interoperable, integrated, scalable Collaboration Internal, external Leveraging activity and expertise Open Source development From prototypes to archetypes Development Principles for the Digital Library:

Questions? Beth Forrest Warner Director, Digital Library Initiatives University of Kansas