1. Networked Information Resources Federated search, link server, e-books

2. Federated search Enable users to search a multiple of independent, discretely mounted databases through one search query.

3. Federated search Distributed approach: NISO Z39.50 protocol (catalog search across libraries) Meta-search engines Centralized approach: Google scholar (through DOI-CrossRef framework) Metadata harvesting (Open Archive Initiative)

4. The “appropriate copy” problem “Having discovered a information source, how is the user provided with access to the most appropriate copy, given user and institutional preferences, access rights, cost etc.?”

5. Intermediary between user and source Source (e.g. a journal article, e-book) Target (users with different privileges) Service (link-resolvers such as OpenURL resolver and CrossRef)

6. OpenRUL Resolver (link server) Also referred to as the user’s Institutional Service Component (ISC) The link server stores the preference information and the links to the appropriate materials

7. Added value Solve the “appropriate copy” problem Allow other library services such as ILL (interlibrary loan), document delivery… Online equivalent of a reference desk

8. OpenURL protocol URL, open and fixed The internet equivalent of index card Encode the metadata of a publication in URL The resolver decides the appropriate copy based on the metadata encoded in the OpenRUL OpenURL article

9. OpenURL A protocol for interoperability between an information resource and a service component (link resolver) Provides a mechanism for encoding a citation for an information resource, typically a bibliographic resources, as an URL.

10. OpenURL sample http://scholarsfx.exlibrisgroup.com:3210/schol arsfx886ss002?sid=google&auinit=M&aulast =Huang&atitle=The+influence+of+document+ presentation+order+and+number+of+docum ents+judged+on+users%27+judgments+of+r elevance&id=doi:10.1002/asi.20047

11. CrossRef A linking system developed by a consortium of leading journal publishers. Make it easy to identify and link to journal articles provides by publishers Based on DOI (Digital Object Identifier) protocol

12. Digital Object Identifier (DOI) An open standard for creating an alphanumeric name that identifies digital content, mostly scholarly contents such a e-book or journal article. A DOI is a unique ID number for a document is paired with the object’s electronic address, or URL (updatable), along with other metadata DOI resolver

13. Locators in networked environment URL (Uniform Resource Locators) Non-persistent locator without metadata DOI (Digital Objective Identifier) persistent identifier for “any object of intellectual property” “the bar code for intellectual property”

14. From (Sompel and Beit-Arie, 2001) DLib

16. E-books Amazon: “Search inside the Book”, “Amazon Pages” “Amazon Upgrade” Google books search Project Gutenberg Open Content Alliance E-books in library

17. Digitalization and remote access Multiple concurrent access Digital right management New business models