Outline1/17/07 n n Announcements Pick up CAPA sets #3 - outside Pick up CAPA sets #3 - outside Summer Research 6:30pm Summer Research 6:30pm n n Today:Chapter 13: Organic nomenclature Functional Groups Polymer reactions…

Questions: DISCUS posts = 82% CAPA set #1 = 100% Good job. Why is FPD constant in lab = 8.0 ° C/m?

Quiz #1 n Please put your books & notes away n If you don’t have a calculator, set the problem up correctly for full credit… n Periodic table on the back Turn it over when you are done.

Quiz #1 n Please turn the quiz over and pass it to your right.

Quiz #1 n What did we learn from that? “like dissolves like…” BPE:  T = K b m i First semester material is assumed…nomenclature, mole calculations, etc…

Functional Groups n n Carbon combines with other atoms (mainly H, N, O, S and halogens) to form “functional groups”   Sites of typical reactions   Used to classify organic compounds   Serve as a basis for naming compounds

n n Alcohols are organic compounds whose functional group is the hydroxyl group (or..-OH) typically bonded to a tetrahedral carbon (i.e., four single bonds). Functional Groups

Ethyl Alcohol C O C H H H H H H

C O C The hydroxyl functional group H H H H H H Ethyl Alcohol

C O C Note that it’s attached to a tetrahedral carbon H H H H H H Ethyl Alcohol

C O C Four single  -bonds H H H H H H Ethyl Alcohol    

C O C The condensed structural formula for ethyl alcohol is H H H H H H Structural formula Ethyl Alcohol

C O C The condensed structural formula for ethyl alcohol is CH 3 CH 2 OH H H H H H H Structural formula Ethyl Alcohol

C O C The condensed structural formula for ethyl alcohol is CH 3 CH 2 OH H H H H H H Structural formula Ethyl Alcohol

C O C The condensed structural formula for ethyl alcohol is CH 3 CH 2 OH H H H H H H Structural formula Ethyl Alcohol

C O C The condensed structural formula for ethyl alcohol is CH 3 CH 2 OH H H H H H H Structural formula Ethyl Alcohol

C O C The condensed structural formula for ethyl alcohol is CH 3 CH 2 OH The molecular formula is C 2 H 6 O H H H H H H Structural formula Ethyl Alcohol

Classification of Alcohols n Classified depending on the number of carbon atoms bonded to the -C-OH CH 3 - C - OH H H CH 3 - C - OH H CH 3 - C - OH CH 3

Classification of Alcohols n Classified depending on the number of carbon atoms bonded to the -C-OH CH 3 - C - OH H H CH 3 - C - OH H CH 3 - C - OH CH 3 Primary (1 o )

Classification of Alcohols n Classified depending on the number of carbon atoms bonded to the -C-OH CH 3 - C - OH H H CH 3 - C - OH H CH 3 - C - OH CH 3 Primary (1 o )Secondary (2 o )

Classification of Alcohols n Classified depending on the number of carbon atoms bonded to the -C-OH CH 3 - C - OH H H CH 3 - C - OH H CH 3 - C - OH CH 3 Primary (1 o )Secondary (2 o ) Tertiary (3 o )

Amines n The functional group of an amine is an amino group - a nitrogen atom bonded to one, two or three carbon atoms n Really just ammonia, NH 3, with one, two or three hydrogens replaced by a bond to a carbon atom

H - N - H H : ammonia H - N - H H : methylamine (a 1 o amine) CH 3 H - N - HH - N - H H : dimethylamine (a 2 o amine) CH 3 H - N - HH - N - H : trimethylamine (a 3 o amine) CH 3 Amines

Aldehydes and Ketones n Aldehydes and ketones contain a carbonyl group, C=O n In an aldehyde, the carbonyl group is terminal - bonded to a hydrogen, a - CHO group n In a ketone, the carbonyl group is internal - bonded between two carbon atoms

H - C - C - C - H HHO HH H H O HH propanaldehydeacetone Aldehydes and Ketones terminal carbonyl bonded to an H atom

H - C - C - C - H HHO HH H H O HH propanaldehyde (an aldehyde) acetone (a ketone) Internal carbonyl bonded to two C atoms Aldehydes and Ketones

H - C - C - C - H HHO HH H H O HH propanaldehyde (an aldehyde) acetone (a ketone) Aldehydes and Ketones Condensed structural formula for acetone would be written as CH 3 COCH 3 Condensed structural formula for propanaldehyde would be written as CH 3 CH 2 CHO or CH 3 CH 2 CH=O

Carboxylic Acids n Organic acids contain a carboxyl group …. -COOH n It’s a combination of a carbonyl (C=O) and a hydroxyl (-OH) group carbonyl + hydroxyl = carboxyl carbonyl + hydroxyl = carboxyl - C - O = -OH- C - OH O =

n The carboxyl group always terminates a chain of carbon atoms CH 3 - CH 2 - C - OH O = propanoic acid Carboxylic Acids

n The carboxyl group always terminates a chain of carbon atoms CH 3 - CH 2 - C - OH O = propanoic acid Carboxylic Acids Simplest condensed structural formula would be written as CH 3 CH 2 COOH or CH 3 CH 2 CO 2 H

n The carboxyl group always terminates a chain of carbon atoms CH 3 - CH 2 - C - OH O = propanoic acid Carboxylic Acids Today’s factoid: Propanoic acid gives sharp cheddar cheese its bite!

Macromolecules n Macromolecule: a molecule consisting of a large number (several hundred) of atoms n Poly mer: A class of macromolecules. n Monomer: small molecules linked together to form polymers. many

Chemical Polymerization Reactions There are four types of chemical polymerization reactions: 1.Free Radical Polymerizations. 2.Condensation Polymerizations. 3.Cationic Polymerizations. 4. Anionic Polymerizations. Only type 1 and 2 polymerizations in Chapter 13…