1. Macromolecules

2. I. What are macromolecules?
A. CARBOHYDRATES
B. LIPIDS
D. NUCLEIC ACIDS (DNA)
C. PROTEINS

3. II. What does it mean to be organic?
CHNOPS
The Six Most Abundant Elements of Life

4. What makes something Organic?
If it contains the element Carbon (C) and Hydrogen (H) it is called a HYDROCARBON
they contain only C and H bonded in different proportions

5. III. Functional Groups
Before we begin to study macromolecules, let’s start with the functional groups
Specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules

6. A. Hydroxyl Group
Identified as a hydrogen atom bonded directly to an oxygen atom (-OH)
Easily identifiable and one of most popular
Ethanol H C OH

7. B. Carboxyl Group Slightly larger than hydroxyl Molecular formula COOH
Carbon double bonded to oxygen on one side and bonded to OH on the other

8. C. Phosphate Group Phosphorous surrounded by 4 oxygen atoms
One of oxygen atoms shows double bond to phosphorous

9. D. Carbonyl Group
Carbon atom joined to an oxygen atom by a double bond (symbolized as C=O)
Two types:
Aldehyde
Ketone

10. 2 Forms: Aldehydes & Ketones
Ketone groups, where the C=O group is located within a molecule
All sugars have either a ketone or an aldehyde
Aldehyde groups, where the C=O group is at the end of a molecule
H atom is also located on the same C atom.

11. E. Amino Group
Nitrogen bonded to 3 hydrogen atoms, one has positive charge (H+)
Ionized Form
Nitrogen bonded to 2 hydrogen atoms
Non-ionized form

12. F. Sulfhydryl Group Fairly rare for our purposes
Sulfur atom bonded to a hydrogen atom

13. Let’s See What You’ve Learned So Far!!
Get ready to click away!!

14. Which functional group is shown below?
Carboxyl
Sulfhydryl
Hydroxyl
Amino
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15. Which carbonyl functional group is shown below?
Aldehyde
Ketone
Carboxyl
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16. What functional group is shown below?
Hydroxyl
Carboxyl
Phosphate
Carbonyl
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17. Which functional group is shown below?
Hydroxyl
Sulfhydryl
Carboxyl
Aldehyde
I need help with this.
Ethanol H C OH 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

18. Which functional group represents an aldehyde group?1 2 1 2 3
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19. Putting things together…let’s make some MACROMOLECULES

20. IV.) Formation of Macromolecules
What are macromolecules made of?
Monomers: smaller building blocks of the macromolecules
Monomers can link together to form polymers (macromolecules)

21. Macromolecule Formation
Process = Dehydration Synthesis
Removal of OH + H forms water, H2O
Leaves bonding sites that join monomer units.
Monomer OH H
H2O
Polymer

22. Macromolecule Destruction
Process = Hydrolysis
Break bond between monomer units.
Add OH + H to fill bonding sites.
Polymer
H2O OH H
Monomer

23. Fill in Chart… For each Macromolecule
Made of (elements)
Basic Unit (monomer)
Polymer unit
Function
Where found
Examples
Use pages in book and/or discuss with partner