The Three Elements of Flexicurity Flexible labour market Social security system Employ- ment and training policy

Employment Security NOTE: Figures in brackets are unemployment rates in SOURCE: CEPS (2004) and Eurostat. Scale from 1-10 – the higher the number the more secure, 2001 (3,9) (4,8) (3,9) (7,0)(8,4) (7,7) (8,2)(4,4) (5,3)(6,8)(9,4) (8,6) (7,7) (8,9)

Job Satisfaction Per cent of employed, 2006 SOURCE: EFILWC (2007). NOTE: The figures show the rate of employed who are satisfied or very satisfied with their occupation.

Is Globalisation a Threat or an Opportunity SOURCE: The European Commission Special Eurobarometer, The Future of Europe, May 2006.

Average Job Tenure Years SOURCE: OECD (2004) and Eurostat (2005).

Labour Market Regulation Index, the lower the number the less regulation, 2003 SOURCE: OECD, 2004.

Regulation and Unemployment Unemployment, per cent 2003 Employment regulation index 2003 UK IE DK AT IT FI NL BE DE SE GR FR ES PT US JP Estimated line NOTE: A high number reflects tight regulations. SOURCE: OECD (2004)

Flexibility in Wage Setting Per cent of employees where wages are negotiated: NOTE: DA/LO area. SOURCE: DA. CentrallyLocally

Flexibility in Working Hours NOTE: The figures represents collective agreements for approximately 90 per cent of the employees at the DA/LO area. SOURCE: DA.

Mobility in the Wage Distribution Per cent of employees in 1st wage decile who are in a higher wage decile 1 year after SOURCE: European Commission, 2003.

Participation in Continuing Education Per cent of employed, 2003 SOURCE: OECD (2006). NOTE: Covers non-formal job-related continuing education and training over the previous 12 months.

Educational Costs at Company Level Per cent of total labour costs for educational training in private companies, 1999 SOURCE: Eurostat (2002).

Educational Attainment Per cent of labour force (25-64 year-olds) with higher education SOURCE: OECD and FN. Canada USA Japan Finland Sweden Belgium Australia Denmark Norway New Zealand Korea Ireland UK Spain Switzerland Germany France Holland Luxembourg Island Canada Spain Japan Korea Belgium Finland USA Ireland Norway Sweden Australia Denmark UK New Zealand Switzerland Island Germany Luxembourg Holland France Israel

People on public benefits 1,000 people, 2006 SOURCE: Statistics Denmark. Employabl e Less employable Job training, rehabilitation, etc. Early retirement (including year old pensioners)

Low Availability of Unemployed Per cent of unemployed, 2005 SOURCE: Special report from Statistics Denmark. Years old

Making Work Pay  Incentives to work for the lowest paid are small  26 per cent of the unemployed gain less than 70 Euro/month if they get a job.  12 per cent of the employed gain less than 70 Euro/month compared with the unemployment benefit.  5 per cent of the employed earn less than if they were unemployed. SOURCE: Rockwool Foundation (2003).

Expenditure on Labour Market Measures Per cent of GDP, 2005 SOURCE: OECD (Employment Outlook, 2007)

GDP per capita EU-25=100 calculated in PPP, 2006 SOURCE: OECD, 2007.

Unemployment Per cent SOURCE: OECD (Employment Outlook, 2007). EU 15 Denmar k USA Japan

Employment rate SOURCE: OECD (Employment Outlook 2007). Per cent of years old

Population – Working Age years old relative to entire population, index 2005=100 SOURCE: UN, World Population Prospects, Medium variant. Japan Denmark USA Western Europe

Flexible Regulation in Denmark  Main Characteristics  Basic principles established more than 100 years ago  Regulation at company-level through collective agreements  Disputes are handled by the two sides of industry solely

Employment Regulation  Collective agreements the primary regulation:  Wages  Working time, overtime  Redundancies, shop stewards, extra holidays  Sickness pay, maternity leave, pension, training,  Legislation only on specific topics:  Holidays  Health and safety  Equal pay and equal treatment (sex, race, religion etc.)

Regulation by Framework Agreements  Collective agreements cover aprox. 90 pct. of the employeed in companies affiliated to DA member federations  Framework agreements  Supplemented by agreements at company level

Collective Agreements and Legislation  Legislation is built on and in respect of provisions in Collective Agreements  The Social Partners have the prerogative when implementing EU-Directives