Federalist Era Unit 4 Chapter 6

George Washington “The Precedent President” 1 st to take office 1 st to create a cabinet 1 st to enforce laws 1 st to create treaties 1 st to amend the Constitution 1 st to say goodbye

Washington chooses experts to advise him: Cabinet PositionPerson Secretary of StateThomas Jefferson Treasury SecretaryAlexander Hamilton Attorney GeneralEdmund Randolph Secretary of WarHenry Knox

Judiciary Act of 1789 Created the national court system Including the Supreme Court

Bill of Rights 1-9: Guaranteed the rights of ______? Individuals 10 th : Reserved powers of the ______? States

Financial Debate Alexander Hamilton’s Plan 1) National government to take on and repay debt of states and Confederation 2) Create a national bank 3) Create taxes to pay off debt and protect industry

Opposition to Hamilton’s Plan Who gets paid? Original Bond Holders No, they usually sold off their bonds. Speculators – They bought the shares around 10 cents to the dollar but were paid in full by the government. Is the National Bank legal? No: Not in the Constitution Yes: Implied Power

Implied Power Constitution: Congress must do whatever is “necessary and proper” to do its job Called the “Elastic Clause” Stretches the constitution

Opposition to Hamilton’s Plan Plan hurts farmers Protective Tariffs Excise Taxes Assumption of state debt hurts South more than North

Whiskey Rebellion – 1791 Pennsylvania Farmers Upset over tax on whiskey Attack federal courthouses and tax collectors Washington calls out the army to crush the rebellion Federal government flexes its muscles (Insures Domestic Tranquility)

Political Parties Develop PartiesFederalistsRepublicans LeadersHamiltonJefferson Economy ManufacturingAgriculture Interpret Loose Strict Constitution Section NortheastSouth Support Govt. Strong Central govt. State govt. Bank Support BUSNo BUS

Washington’s Foreign Policy America adopts a policy of NEUTRALITY during European wars

Goodbye Washington’s Farewell: Advice: Avoid creation of: Political Parties Foreign Alliances

What do I have to know Identify: Tariff of 1789, Hamilton’s Plan, Bank of the United States, Whiskey Rebellion What caused the Whiskey Rebellion What political parties developed during this time and what were their characteristics.

New President: Problems: Quasi-War Undeclared War Cause: XYZ Affair

War between the Political Parties Alien & Sedition Act Why Aliens? Favored Republicans Sedition Act violated: Freedom of Speech

Republican Response: Virginia And Kentucky Resolutions: States can declare laws unconstitutional NULLIFICATION

Political Parties Controversy over the Federalists’ support for the Bank of the US, the Jay Treaty, and the undeclared war on France contributed to the emergence of an opposition party The Democratic-Republicans, led by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison Election of 1800 won by Thomas Jefferson

Political parties Why did competing political parties develop during the 1790’s? Different views of economic and foreign policy issues led to the development of the first American political parties.

Impact of the election of 1800 It was the first American presidential election in which power was peacefully transferred from one political party to another.

Jeffersonian Democracy Political Party: Democratic Republican Constitutional Interpretation: Strict Pro-Farmer States Rights

Federalists Led by John Adams and Alexander Hamilton Believed in a strong national government and commercial economy (manufacturing). They were supported by bankers and business interests in the Northeast.

Democratic-Republicans Believed in a weak national government An agricultural economy They were supported by farmers, artisans and frontier settlers in the South.

Government Philosophy Laissez – Faire: Leave it alone Goal: Smaller Government Reduce Debt Eliminate Whiskey Tax Reduce size of Army

Marbury v Madison Case: “Midnight Judge” sues for his job John Marshall Chief Justice of Supreme Court What was the big deal? Established the precedent of “judicial review”

Judicial Review Empowers the Supreme Court to decide if a law is constitutional or unconstitutional. The doctrine of judicial review set forth in Marbury v. Madison Chief Justice: John Marshall

Louisiana Purchase 1803 United States offered $10 million to France for New Orleans. French response: France offered the entire Louisiana territory for $15 million dollars Why? Napoleon needed money for his war in Europe

Jefferson’s Conflict Farm Land VS Constitutional Power Decision: Accepts a “loose” interpretation of the Constitution to make the land purchase.

Louisiana Purchase The new United States border shifts from the Mississippi River to the : Rocky Mountains

Lewis & Clark Leaders of the fact finding expedition of the new territory Sacagawea: Indian princess who serves as a guide to the explores

International Problems Britain VS France Impressments: Forced service of U.S. sailors into the British Navy. British attacks angered America: Thomas Jefferson’s response: Embargo Act of 1807

What do I have to know? What were Jefferson’s belief on the size of government? How did he go about achieving his results? Who were the “midnight judges”? How did Jefferson attempt to deal with them? Explain the significance of Marbury v. Madison. What precedent did it set? Who was the Chief Justice who presided over the event?

Jefferson’s Presidency What caused Napoleon to sell the Louisiana Territory to the United States? What issues did T.J. have with the sale? What was the significance of the deal? Who were Lewis, Clark, and Sacagawea? What problems did American sailors have with Europe during this time? How did T.J. attempt to deal with this issue?

James Madison 4 th President of the United States “Little Man with Big Brain”

Major Issues American Exports go down War of 1812 Causes of War of 1812: Trade Restrictions Farmers in South and West hurt economically British support Indian attacks on the frontier Impressments of American Sailors Desire for Canada

Battle of Tippecanoe Indian Chief: Tecumseh U.S. Leader: William Henry Harrison Fight over American movement into the frontier. Indians flee to Canada War Hawks: Name given to American leaders who are in favor of war.

War of 1812 Battle of Fort McHenry, 1812 Francis Scott Key: Oh Say Can You See, By The Dawn’s Early Light… Treaty of Ghent ends the war on December 24, 1814 “Not an inch gained, nor an inch lost.”

Effects of War of 1812 Nationalism increased Proved our independence – Second War for Independence Federalist Party was Destroyed Northeast manufacturing was able to grow

Battle of New Orleans January 8, 1815 Fought after the peace treaty signed Made a hero out of Andrew Jackson

What Do I Have To Know? What were the causes of the war of 1812? Explain the importance of the Battle of fort McHenry to American tradition? What made the Battle of New Orleans so unique? Who emerged from War of 1812 as our greatest military hero? What was the Treaty of Ghent?