1 Referencing, avoiding plagiarism and using Turnitin Mike Cameron (Learning Technologies Team) Nicola Siminson (University Library) 23 rd July 2008

2 Outline of the session  What is plagiarism?  …and how to avoid it!  referencing  using Turnitin  evaluation and close

3 Today’s learning outcomes By the end of today’s session you should…  understand and be able to avoid plagiarism  know where to access online plagiarism materials  understand why and how to reference other people’s work within your own work  know how to submit and check work through Turnitin

4 You will see a light flash here when you vote. The light will blink GREEN to confirm your response has been received Choose your response from the keypad buttons. (PRESS and then release) NOTE: Please do not press the GO button as this will change the Radio Channel (Your keypad won’t operate & your ‘vote’ won’t count) Using the keypads All responses are anonymous If you want to change your vote, simply key in your new choice. The system will count only the last button you push (whilst the voting is still open)

5 How confident are you about UK citation and referencing conventions? 1. Not at all confident 2. Somewhat confident 3. Very confident

6 Do you deal with student plagiarism professionally? 1. Yes 2. No

7 Is the problem getting worse? 1. Yes 2. No

8 Do you know what we mean by “self- plagiarism”? 1. Yes 2. NO

9 Plagiarism in the news

10 Sliding scale? 1. Deliberate copying (cut and paste) or using whole essays you have not written. 2. Copying segments of essays without referencing 3. Paraphrasing without referencing 4. Clumsy referencing Self plagiarism

11 Durham University  Plagiarism: unacknowledged quotation or close paraphrasing of other people's writing, amounting to the presentation of other person's thoughts or writings as one's own.  This includes material which is available on the world-wide web and in any other electronic form;  University Teaching & Learning Handbook, section

12 ‘Plagiarism and How to Avoid it’- Online Student Tutorials

13 In pairs, evaluate an online tutorial  Log in to duo (with your ITS username and password)  Go to POSTGRADUATE RESEARCH TRAINING (NEW) (X_POSTGRAD_TRAINING) > OTHER TRAINING > ED D: CITING REFERENCES, USING ENDNOTE AND AVOIDING PLAGIARISM POSTGRADUATE RESEARCH TRAINING (NEW) (X_POSTGRAD_TRAINING)OTHER TRAINING Work through in pairs and evaluate. o Does this work for you? o Would similar materials help your students?

14 Some definitions  References: full details of your information sources (books, journal articles, websites, …) Author Title Date and place of publication Publisher  listed at the end of your work in a bibliography

15 More definitions  Citing: acknowledging your information sources within your work  ways of citing: quotations paraphrasing  Styles / systems: recognised methods used to list and format citations and to organise bibliographies Harvard system (Author-date)

16 Examples of Harvard references Book Smith, R. and Standish, P. (ed.s) (1997) Teaching right and wrong: moral education in the balance. Stoke-on-Trent: Trentham. Web page National Literacy Trust (2007) Literacy in the secondary sector across the UK. Available at: (Accessed: 19 July 2007). Journal article Pereira, R. (1997) ‘Teacher's in-service education: a proposal for turning teachers into teacher-researchers’, International Review of Education, 43 (5-6), pp

17 Ways of citing references within your work  Quotation: Epstein, Boden and Kenway (2005) argue that … or: Epstein, Boden and Kenway (2005, p.64) argue that teaching is “a highly structured and formal activity”.  Paraphrasing: Teaching responsibilities can distract one’s attention from conducting research…

18 Why should I cite references? You need to:  demonstrate that you have located, read and analysed material and formed your own views and opinions  enable your readers to trace your sources  acknowledge your information sources, and authors’ ideas  avoid plagiarism!

19 There are benefits too! Citing references…  adds weight to your own arguments and can strengthen your writing  shows your supervisor that you have read widely  allows you to receive credit for your own research

20 Tips and time-saving strategies  make a full note of all the information sources you consult as you go along  start with this immediately!  distinguish between direct quotations, and your own thoughts  develop your own system  be consistent in how you cite references

21 What is Turnitin?  Plagiarism detection software  Used by many UK and US universities

22 Have a go…. 1. Log into duo 2. Go to the Post Graduate Research Training coursePost Graduate Research Training course 3. Go to Other training, Ed D. 4. Click ‘View/complete assignments’ 5. Upload your document 6. We will come back later and see the results…

23 What does it check?  Compares essays against:  A database of previously submitted assignments  Over 4.5 billion Web pages  Essays from cheat sites  Selected subscription services (Proquest Database)  Copyright free material, such as the Gutenberg Project  Shows you the results so you can check your references

24 Other Essays Turnitin in action Duo The internet

25 What can Turnitin do?  Detect plagiarism  Deter plagiarism  Educate students Being made available to you to check your work

26 Interpreting TurnitinUK Report

27 How confident are you about UK citation and referencing conventions now? 1. Not at all confident 2. Somewhat confident 3. Very confident

28 More information and advice  University Library  Using the Library  Guides  Writing your bibliography and citing references (includes further reading) Pears, R & Shields, G. (2005) Cite them right: the essential guide to referencing and plagiarism. Newcastle: Pear Tree Books. Shelfmark: Ref PEA  DUO  Training Programme  Courses  Communication Skills  Plagiarism and How to Avoid it online course

29 Any questions?

30 Contact details  Durham University Library please complete the online enquiry form at Telephone numbers: Main Library: +44 (0) Education Library:  IT Service Desk Telephone number: +44 (0)

31 Thank you!  Evaluation: