351 Spath Turn of the Century (20 th ) and the First World War.

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Presentation transcript:

351 Spath Turn of the Century (20 th ) and the First World War

Brief Review What we covered re Ottomans last Thursday… - Expansion - Systems and Strategies of Ottoman rule - Disintegration and decline (18 th c.) - Reform and consolidation period (19 th c.)

Abdulhamid II – leader from

- Committee of Union and Progress - Young Turk Revolt (1908) - Triple Entente and Ottoman Response - Ottoman Arabs Leading up to WWI

Young Turk Era ( ) -Issues of Political Identity What would be the trajectory of the Ottoman state under the Young Turks? -Ottomanism and Turkism lacked resonance and ability to incorporate the people inside the empire - Arabs sought greater autonomy (more decentralized form of Ottoman rule) - Antagonism between Ottoman and Arab leaders compounded Arab’s search for new political identity and opposition to Ottoman rule

World War I - Triple Entente (GB, France, Russia) - Ottoman Response - focus on militarization - developing relationship with Germany (entente powers were the threat) - British imperial interests in the war - Ottoman neutrality - Key Tradeoff – costs and benefits of occupying territory - SUEZ CANAL - Ottomans enter the war (1914)

Arab Revolt - Hussein-McMahon Correspondence ( ) - Initial victories, then decline in momentum and strength - Reinvigoration - T.E. Lawrence and Emir Feisel - Allenby’s forces with Arab help overwhelm Ottomans

Sharif Hussein ibn Ali

Hussein- McMahon Correspondence ( )

A diplomatic mess… - Sykes-Picot Agreement (1916) - Initial victories, then decline in momentum and strength - Reinvigoration - T.E. Lawrence and Emir Feisel - Allenby’s forces with Arab help overwhelm Ottomans - Balfour Declaration - Paris Peace Conference (1919), San Remo Conference (1920), Council of League of Nations (1922) - Cairo Conference (1921)

Sykes-Picot agreement

Balfour Declaration (1917)