Urban Land Use (chapter 21)

Six Major Land-Use Groups Residential - Where people live. -Individual homes to apartment buildings - Typically takes up 40% a cities land Residential density = # of houses per hectare -Affects housing prices I.E. Toronto Home: 2,200 square feet Listed for 640,000$ Received 36 offers Sold for: 860,000

4 Travel Paths – subway, street car, and roads and highways 2. Transportation – 1/3 (33%) of developed land in most cities is used for roads and highways. Mass-transit systems help combat congestion = subway, rail line, bus lane. 4 Travel Paths – subway, street car, and roads and highways Expressways – largest- capacity, carry huge amounts of traffic quickly over long distances Arterial roads – moderate amounts of traffic, shorter distance Collector roads – move traffic from local roads to arterial roads Local roads – small and narrow, take people from home to arterial or collector roads Terminal Facilities – at the end of all travel paths train, bus stations, airports, docks, parking lots

- about 5% of city’s land use 3. Commercial Land Use - about 5% of city’s land use - Buying and selling of goods and services (“business”); important for the economy 6 main types: Local service centres (Mac’s Milk) Neighbourhood Plazas and Ribbons (supermarket) Community Shopping Centres (Malls) Power Centres (big-box stores – Canadian Tire) Regional Shopping Centres (big malls, department stores) The Central Business District (CBD) (“down-town” financial, retail, entertainment, hotel)

Industrial Land Use(6%) - Factories (processing and manufacturing) - Warehousing (storage) - shipping products Types: - CBD industries, - ribbon industries, - suburban industrial parks - suburban business parks

Institutional and Public Buildings (10%) schools, hospitals, government offices, places of worship Open Space and Recreational Land (7%) open land = vacant, wood lot, cemetery recreational = parks golf course, arenas

Factors Affecting Land -Use Patterns “ Land- use patterns in towns and cities do not develop by chance. They result from decisions made by people about such matters as where to work, what type of home to live in, what kind of local government to have, and how to spend money. Your decisions will affect the way your community looks in the future.” - text page 264

1. Land value Land values are generally the highest in the most accessible areas (ex. CBD) and along major transportation routes Zoning Laws that control the kind and amount of development in an area Climate Winter-city concept – participate in city life all year long (you don’t even have to step outside)

Urban Expansion - Rural-urban fringe – area next to an urban where there is a mixture of urban and rural land uses; city expands outwards = loss of productive farm land - Urban Sprawl – low-density development surrounding a city