Sustaining Food grain & Oilseed production growth with focused Crop Planning & Resource Management under Challenged Climate The West Bengal Way

Identified Weather Aberrations in Agril. Production System of West Bengal Weather aspect Recent Observations On-set of MonsoonDelayed by 5 to 8 days in most of the year Monsoon behaviour 1. Un-even distribution of Rainfall 2. Longer duration of intermittent dry spell 3. Heavy Rainfall in small pockets 4. No. of depression / low pressure system decreasing 5. More Rainfall in later part of Monsoon 6. Often delay in Monsoon withdrawal Winter 1. Temperature Rise 2. Frequent warm spell during the season 3.Length of Winter shorten by 15 days 4.More no. of cloudy days Pre-Monsoon1.No. of Nor’Wester is decreasing

. Region JuneJulyAugustSeptember Normal Actual (% Dep.) Normal Actual Normal Actual (% Dep.) Normal Actual Sub- Himalayan West Bengal (22) 405 (-11) 480 (6) (1) 531 (-16) 334 (-47) (-39) 421 (-8) 531 (16) (-7) 316 (-25) 395 (-6) Gangetic West Bengal (- 46) 229 (-10) 183 (-29) (-5) 239 (-25) 278 (-12) (-28) 377 (21) 296 (-5) (-13) 243 (-5) 221 (- 14) West Bengal (- 14) 288(-11)282(-12)425416(-2)336(-21)297(-30)360243(-33)392(9)374(4)311278(-11)267(-14)279 (- 10) Rainfall Analysis (m.m.) for the year 2012 to 2014

West Bengal ….. An Overview WB is the fifth largest state in terms of GSDP after Maharashtra, UP, TN, and AP It is the third largest contributor in agriculture Sector of Real GDP. In area it is the 12 th In population it is 4th

West Bengal has 3% of India’s land mass and 8% of the population, with population density 1029 per sq. km. Majority of the population live in rural areas, most of whom are dependent on agriculture for their livelihood. Agriculture accounts for about 17% ( ) State Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and provides employment to over 55% of workers. There is little scope for further increasing the current cultivable area. It was becoming increasingly difficult to maintain the growth rate in the absence of adequate infrastructure support, crop diversification, and market access.

Crop Planning & Resource Management Perspectives: Geographical Area ha. Total Cultivable Area ha(63.9% of total geographical area) Net Area Sown 52,04,902 ha(91.74% of Cultivable Area) A. Total Cultivable Area in less fertile 6 dists of Sub-Himalayan West Bengal 15,28,403 ha(26.94% of Total Cultivable Area) B. Total Cultivable Area in 8 fertile dists of West Bengal 23,97,853 (42.27% of total Cultivable Area) C.. Total Cultivable Area in 4 less fertile red & lateritic dists of West Bengal 17,47,096 ha(30.79% of total Cultivable Area) Av. Cropping Intensity in 6 Dists of Sub- Himalayan West Bengal % Av. Cropping Intensity in fertile 8 districts of West Bengal, % Av. Cropping Intensity in 4 less fertile red & lateritic dists of West Bengal % Gross Cropped Area( ) ha Size of average Land Holding0.77 ha / Holding

Resource Planning & Management issues : About 64% of the geographical area is engaged under cultivation with the Population Density of 1029/Sq Km, this brings even sub- optimal Land Resource under cultivation. About 64% of the geographical area is engaged under cultivation with the Population Density of 1029/Sq Km, this brings even sub- optimal Land Resource under cultivation. Yet, Area, Yield & Production under Rice, wheat, Pulses, Oilseed, Maize, Groundnut & Potato have increased during Yet, Area, Yield & Production under Rice, wheat, Pulses, Oilseed, Maize, Groundnut & Potato have increased during Eight(08)districts having most fertile land having 42.27% of Cultivable Area & C.I. of about 198% is affected by vagaries of monsoon to a great extent for the last 3-4 yrs. Eight(08)districts having most fertile land having 42.27% of Cultivable Area & C.I. of about 198% is affected by vagaries of monsoon to a great extent for the last 3-4 yrs. Total No. of Agril. Holding is 71,23,000 with av. Holding size of 0.77 ha. Total No. of Agril. Holding is 71,23,000 with av. Holding size of 0.77 ha. Gap between IPC & IPU, Gap between IPC & IPU, Historically, Market Demand & Farmer’s profit are less integrated with Crop & Resource Planning & Management. Historically, Market Demand & Farmer’s profit are less integrated with Crop & Resource Planning & Management. About 75 % of total Pulse area & 70.5 % of total Oilseed area of the State is occupied during Rabi season only,

Resource Planning & Management Thrust : Major thrust with Good Agril. Practice (GAP) for Rice, Pulses, Wheat, Oilseed, Maize, Groundnut & Potato through Demonstration & Training. Major thrust with Good Agril. Practice (GAP) for Rice, Pulses, Wheat, Oilseed, Maize, Groundnut & Potato through Demonstration & Training. Inclusive Farmer’s Training Programme with ICT in 6 Pilot districts, Krishi Mela in each Block, TV & Radio Programme with dedicated time slot & other extension tools like literature, meeting etc. helps boosting yield even in poorer land. Inclusive Farmer’s Training Programme with ICT in 6 Pilot districts, Krishi Mela in each Block, TV & Radio Programme with dedicated time slot & other extension tools like literature, meeting etc. helps boosting yield even in poorer land. Intensified thrust on KCC coverage has resulted in better cash support to the resource poor farmers. Intensified thrust on KCC coverage has resulted in better cash support to the resource poor farmers. To ensure better Marketing support, Block Krishak bazars had been planned & 65 of these already launched. To ensure better Marketing support, Block Krishak bazars had been planned & 65 of these already launched. Thrust on Increased Integration of Agriculture with Irrigation, Marketing, Cooperative, Power, Finance Dept. have yielded better production & income to farming community. Thrust on Increased Integration of Agriculture with Irrigation, Marketing, Cooperative, Power, Finance Dept. have yielded better production & income to farming community.

Planning Initiatives & innovative Way forward: West Bengal divided in three Vulnerable Zones on resources: West Bengal divided in three Vulnerable Zones on resources: 1. L 1. Less fertile 6 dists of Sub-Himalayan West Bengal: Darjeeling, Jalpaiguri, Coochbehar, Uttar & Dakhsin Dinajpur & Maldah. Av. C.I. is 174.5%. Rainfall variability is lesser. Initiatives: i) GAP of major crops with cluster D/C approach, ii) Targeting low lying Rice fallows in rainfed areas with lentil, Khesari & Toria, Mustard as Poira crop, ii) Targeting low lying Rice fallows in rainfed areas with lentil, Khesari & Toria, Mustard as Poira crop, iii) Targeting Boro areas with inadequate irrigation with crops like maize, groundnut & Sesame & reducing the gap of IPC & IPU & growing Rabi Mustard, Sunflower & Pulses. iii) Targeting Boro areas with inadequate irrigation with crops like maize, groundnut & Sesame & reducing the gap of IPC & IPU & growing Rabi Mustard, Sunflower & Pulses. iv) Linking potential market of Pulses & Oilseeds by providing small Oil Mills & Dal Mills to SKUS & Farmer’s Groups to encourage extension of areas. iv) Linking potential market of Pulses & Oilseeds by providing small Oil Mills & Dal Mills to SKUS & Farmer’s Groups to encourage extension of areas.

Planning Initiatives & innovative Way forward: 2. Eight(08) fertile dists of West Bengal: Murshidabad, Nadia, PGS(N) & (S), Burdwan, Howrah, Hoogly & Purba Medinipur. Av. C.I is %, Rainfall variability is wide. Initiatives: i) Promoting GAP in major crops with cluster D/C approach, ii) Targeting low lying Rice fallows in rainfed areas with lentil, Khesari & Toria, Mustard as Poira crop, ii) Targeting low lying Rice fallows in rainfed areas with lentil, Khesari & Toria, Mustard as Poira crop, iii) Targeting reduced irrigated Boro areas with crops like maize, groundnut & Oilseed like Sesame & reducing the gap of IPC & IPU & growing Rabi Mustard, Sunflower & Pulses. iii) Targeting reduced irrigated Boro areas with crops like maize, groundnut & Oilseed like Sesame & reducing the gap of IPC & IPU & growing Rabi Mustard, Sunflower & Pulses. iv) Extending Dal & Oil Mill to farmer’s Groups for integrating market. iv) Extending Dal & Oil Mill to farmer’s Groups for integrating market. 3. Four(04) less fertile dists in Red & Lateritic zone of West Bengal: Birbhum, Bankura, Purulia & West Medinipur. Av. C.I. is %. Rainfall variability is very high. Initiatives: i) Promoting GAP in Alternate crops along with Paddy during Kharif season. ii) Targeting low lying Rice fallows in rainfed areas with lentil, Khesari & Toria, Mustard as Poira crop, ii) Targeting low lying Rice fallows in rainfed areas with lentil, Khesari & Toria, Mustard as Poira crop, iii) Extending Dal & Oil Mill facilities to farmer’s Groups for accessing market. iii) Extending Dal & Oil Mill facilities to farmer’s Groups for accessing market.

linking Potential Market with Crop Diversification Mission by Sunflower Oil Mill

Khirsol SKUS, Bankura, Dal Mill Extending Dal & Oil Mill to farmer’s Groups for integrating market, an experience Radhamohanpur SKUS, Bankura, Dal Mill Bikrampur SKUS, Sunflower Oil Mill Malbona, SKUS, Sunflower Oil Mill ** Area under Lentil, Black gram, Sunflower increased & farmers of their own, established Flower Mill, Spices Mill etc at Burdwan district.

Crop Planning & Resource Management Results during ActivitiesResults Area under Boro Rice during has been reduced over lakh ha(18.47%) Total Rice production increased over lakh MT, (14.37%). During , Lakh MT Rice against State requirement of lakh MT(5.7% excess production). Productivity of Boro increased over Productivity increased by 24.29%. ( , 2708 kg/ha; , 3366 kg/ha). Reversing the Declining trend of area under Maize, Pulse & Oilseed Crops as on Lentil >44.9%, Khesari>19.13%, Urd>28.8%,Total Pulse>42.9%,Sesame>10.2%, Mustard>10.4%, Groundnut>15.1%, Sunflower>38.6%, Total Oilseed>11.7%, Maize>41.8%. Increasing the Productivity of potential Maize, Pulse & Oilseed crops as on 13-14, Lentil >49.1%, Khesari>102.7%, Urd>5%,Total Pulse>35.04%,Sesame>46.1%, Mustard>40.9%, Groundnut>48.4%, Sunflower>31.5%, Total Oilseed>43.2%, Maize>7.3%.

Focussed Crop Planning at ground level(L ha)

Area of Paddy & Food grains ……. Comparative Status (L Ha)

Mission Crop Diversification( Lakh Ha)

Production of Rice & Food grains ……… Comparative Status (L MT)

Achieving Crop Diversification with a Mission(in L MT)

Farmer Household income at current price

Farmer Household income at constant price

EXPENDITURE UNDER DIFFERENT SCHEMES DURING (Rs in Crore)

Co-ordination with Line Departments 36,55,581 nos. KCC had been distributed from to involving Rs Crores ha Additional Minor Irrigation Potential had been created in the State from to Rs 500 crore have been sanctioned for dedicated feeder line for Agril. Installations. To ensure better market support, Krishak Bazar at each Block have been planned, 65 Bazars already launched & rests are under construction Rehabilitation support to natural calamity affected farmers (6,41,528 nos.) under SDRF for agricultural input to the tune of Crore during

Strategies & Innovatives  Agriculture and Allied sector growth beyond 4%.  Construction of Krishak Bazar (Mandi) at all blocks in a phased manner with scientific facilities and advisory system.  Infrastructure for Agriculture and allied sectors.  Self sufficiency and timely availability of quality seeds and other agricultural input.  Topmost priority on expansion of area and production of pulses, oilseeds and maize.  KCC for all eligible farmers.  Special emphasis on farm mechanization.  Crop diversification, alternate crop, Integrated crop management prioritized.  Research extension linkage towards growth enhancement.  Emphasis on Natural Resources Management.  Superior Farmer Advisories.  Adopting Mission approach through AWS.  All Govt. subsidy has been disbursed through KCC/Bank A/c.  Emphasis on Excavation and Re-excavation of Rain water harvesting structure.