History of computing 5000 B.C. – 1900 A.D. Geoffrey Butterworth & Jessy Turnidge

Earliest History 5000 B.C. 3200 B.C. Sumer Concept of Abax or Algorithmic Unit (ALU) Precursor to notion of computing unit Lines & pebbles 3200 B.C. Sumer Origin of accounting and number storage Clay tablets Arithmetic

Early History 3000 B.C. China & Babylon 2500 B.C. Egypt First use of beads on wires - Abacus Counting before numbers Commercial uses 2400 B.C. – used to compute the first recorded mention of π 31/8 2500 B.C. Egypt First ideas of a “thinking machine” Primitive conception of AI

Early History 2000 B.C. 1850 B.C. Egypt 1800 B.C. Egypt Sanskrit & Chinese writing 1850 B.C. Egypt “the Rhind”: First record of collections of math problems Puzzles & story problems; math riddles 1800 B.C. Egypt Developed use of addition systems 1438 B.C. Egypt Water clock Control flow

Early History 1300 B.C. China 600 B.C. Development of decimal system Basis of floating-point numbers 600 B.C. Pythagorean theorem “rediscovered” Spread of Abacus Advancements in arithmetic in China 550 B.C. - Rediscovery of irrational numbers

Early History 300 B.C. 200 B.C. India Widespread use of 1-9 sequence of numerals Babylonian Salamis tablet 200 B.C. India The invention of Binary Decimal  binary 1’s and 2’s instead of 0’s and 1’s

As the Roman Empire fell… 150 - 100 B.C. Antikythera mechanism First analog computer Astronomy Advanced technology 724 First mechanical clock Precedent for computers and robotics

The spread of education 1200 Logic Formal thought 1502 Da Vinci Plans for first mechanical calculator Gears 1642 Blaise Pascal Constructed the first mechanical calculator

Early technologies 1724 China 1804 the Jacquard loom First fully mechanical clock 1804 the Jacquard loom Punched card as “key” to a mechanized loom 1850 Difference Engine Charles Babbage designed, failed to create Hand cranked, mechanical, digital computer Same basic functions as modern computers Charles Babbage, first failed because he took so long . Later devised a better one, but it was never constructed | Ada Byron, first algorithm executed by a machine, world’s first computer programmer,

“Modern” Uses 19th century - Ada Lovelace First computer programmer computer algorithm Pioneer of multimedia Even has a programming language named after her

“Modern” Uses Herman Hollerith Father of automatic computation 1880 census Loom & punch card design Tabulator and sorter Founded CTR company  IBM

Citations http://www.thocp.net/timeline/0000.htm ­ Abax, Abacus, Water clock http://www.atariarchives.org/deli/artificial_intelligence.php ­ Thinking Machine http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid =ab34 ­ Sanskrit http://www.world-mysteries.com/sar_4.htm ­ Antikythera Mechanism http://www.thocp.net/timeline/0469.htm ­ Antikythera Mechanism 2, Mechanical Clock, Abelard's http://www.readcube.com/articles/10.1038/444534a ­ Antikythera 3

Citations http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/abelard/#Log ­ Peter Abelard's Logic http://www.educalc.net/197481.page ­ Da Vinci's Calculator http://lecture.eingang.org/pascaline.html ­ Pascal's Calculator http://www.thocp.net/timeline/1620.htm ­ Pascal 2 http://groups.engin.umd.umich.edu/CIS/course.des/cis400/ada/ada.html ­ Ada Lovelace http://www.computerhistory.org/babbage/adalovelace/ ­ Ada 2 http://www.computerhistory.org/babbage/engines/ ­ Babbage Engine http://www.columbia.edu/cu/computinghistory/hollerith.html - Herman Hollerith

Citations http://www.assa10.dsl.pipex.com/pre1945/count%20board.jpg - Abax http://i204.photobucket.com/albums/bb309/NWA747/keys2.jpg   - Loom http://financialsensei.files.wordpress.com/2011/05/cogs2.jpg - Antikythera http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/Difference _engine_plate_1853.jpg - Babbage Engine http://www.neac2.eu/water/images/miscellaneous/clock-water.gif - water clock http://www.columbia.edu/cu/computinghistory/census-tabulator.html - tabulator