Marine LIFE

DIVISIONS OF THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT Divisions: Ocean is divided into two basic units. Pelagic environment - The ocean water itself. 2% of organisms Benthic environment – The bottom/seafloor. 98 % of organisms Provinces of Pelagic Environment: Neritic - Shallow part of the ocean above the drop-off of the continental shelf, shore line-200m Oceanic – Open ocean; extends from the continental shelf beyond 200m

Ocean Zones/Divsions Oceanic Zones: Epipelagic –surface – 200m (aka “sunlight zone”) Mesopelagic - 200m – 1,000m (aka “twilight zone”) Bathypelagic - 1,000m – 4,000m (aka “midnight zone”) Abyssopelagic - 4,000m – 6000m (aka “abyssal zone”) Hadalpelagic –6,000m – 10,000m (aka “hadal zone”)

Ocean Zones/Divsions

Ocean Zones/Divsions Other Zones/Terms: Classifying Organisms: Photic Zone: Enough light in which photosynthesis can take place Apohtic: Not enough light for photosynthesis to occur.   Classifying Organisms: Plankton (plankton/photosynthetic organisms) Nekton (free swimmers) Benthos (bottom dwellers)

Marine Organism in Ocean Zones

Adaptations

Types of Adaptations Physical Anatomical or Structural Flounder fish have eyes on one side of body, penguin wings reduced to flippers Behavioral Something learned or innate snails go up stalks to avoid high tide, female penguins hunt while male keeps the egg Physiological Process In sea turtles during long dives, blood is shunted away from tissues tolerant of low oxygen levels toward the heart, brain, and central nervous system. Male penguins can make milk.

Classification/Taxonomy Taxonomy - The science of classification of living things Carolus Linnaeus - Devised a classification system for organisms based on structural similarity. Linnaeus’ Classification System: *Remember by: King Phillip Came Over for Green Spaghetti

Classification/Taxonomy Binomial Nomenclature - Two-word naming system. The first word: genus name; Second word: species name. Example: Common Name: Western Cottonmouth Scientific Name: Agkistrodon piscivorous Agkistrodon = genus piscivorous = species piscivorous = “fish eater”

6 Kingdom Classification Eubacteria Archeabacteria Protista Fungi Plantae Anamalia

Marine Classification of Organisms Kingdom Protista Phytoplankton phylum dinophyta-dinoflagellates and diatoms Zooplankton phylum sarcodena-radiolarians; phylum cilophora-ciliates Plant-like Protists phylum chlorophyta-green algea; phylum phaeophyta-brown algae; phylum chrysophyta-golden algea; phylum heterokontophyta-giant kelp and oarweed

Marine Classification of Organisms Kingdom Plantae Phylum angiospermaphyta: seagrasses and eel grass, turtle grass, mermaid fan plants, water lillies

Marine Classification Kingdom Anamalia Phylum Porifera: sponges Phylum Arthropoda: insects, crustaceans such as lobsters, crabs Phylum Echinodermata: sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers Phylum Cnideria: jellyfish, coral, anemones, Phylum Mollusca: snails, squid, octopus, clams, shellfish, sea slugs Phylum Chordata

Phylum Chordata Phylum Chordata Class Amphibia: frogs, salamanders, mud puppies Class Reptilia: snakes, crocodiles, sea turtles Class Aves: birds Class Agnatha, Osteoichthyes and Chondrocthyes (fish): jawless fish, bony fish, sharks, skates and rays Class Mammalia: whales, dolphins, seals, sea lions, manatees, narwhals

Marine Phyla Distribution

Marine Animal Phyla

Phylogenic Tree

Dichotomous Key Dichotomous Key A written set of choices that leads to the name of an organism and is used to identify organisms

Life: Best Water Scenes http://www.discovery.com/tv-shows/life/videos/best-water-scenes-videos/