1. BIOMES IN THE OCEAN

2. LIFE ZONES IN THE OCEAN HORIZONTAL ZONES VERTICAL ZONES BENTHIC ZONE
EXTENDING FROM LAND OUT TO SEA
COASTAL, PELAGIC, NERITIC, OCEANIC
VERTICAL ZONES
DISTANCE BELOW SEA SURFACE
NEUSTIC, EUPHOTIC, APHOTIC
BENTHIC ZONE
SEA BOTTOM HABITANTS

3. HORIZONTAL ZONE COASTAL ZONE (INTERTIDAL)
Region where tides expose the sea bottom for some part of the day. Between High Tide and Low Tide.
AKA: Littoral, Nearshore, Intertidal
Organizms adapted to harsh environmental changes

4. PELAGIC ZONE LOCATED SEAWARD OF THE COSTAL ZONE’S LOW-TIDE MARK.
CONTAINS VAST OPEN WATER OF THE OCEAN.
TWO SUBDIVISIONS:
NERITIC
OCEANIC

5. PELAGIC ZONE NERITIC ZONE WATER OUTLYING THE CONTINENTAL SHELF
USUALLY EXTEND TO A DEPTH OF 600FT
SUNLIGHT PENETRATES ENTIRE COLUMN
GREATEST DENSITY AND DIVERSITY OF LIFE

6. PELAGIC ZONE OCEANIC ZONE
REGION OF THE SEA EXTENDING FROM THE EDGE OF THE CONTINENTAL SHELF, OVER THE CONTINENTAL SLOPE, AND OVER THE OCEAN FLOOR
DARKNESS, HIGH PRESSURES
VERTICAL ZONES ARE SIGNIFICANT HERE

7. BENTHIC ZONE THE OCEAN FLOOR CONTAINS ALL HABITANTS OF THE SEA BOTTOM
COASTAL, CONTINENTAL SHELF, DEEP OCEAN…

8. VERTICAL ZONES EPIPELAGIC ZONE MESOPELAGIC ZONE BATHYPELAGIC ZONE
PHOTIC ZONE OR SUNLIGHT ZONE
MESOPELAGIC ZONE
DISPHOTIC ZONE OR TWILIGHT ZONE
BATHYPELAGIC ZONE
APHOTIC ZONE OR MIDNIGHT ZONE
ABYSSOPELAGIC ZONE
HADOPELAGIC ZONE

11. EPIPELAGIC ZONE PHOTIC ZONE ENOUGH SUNLIGHT FOR PHOTOSYNTHESIS
PRIMARY AREA OF
FOOD PRODUCTION
SURFACE TO 200M

12. MESOPELAGIC ZONE DISPHOTIC ZONE (DYSPHOTIC) NOT ENOUGH SUNLIGHT
FOR PHOTOSYNTHESIS
200M TO 1000M

13. MIDNIGHT ZONES NO SUNLIGHT 1000M TO BOTTOM (AROUND 11,000M LOWEST)
LOW DENSITY AND DIVERSITY OF LIFE
1000M – 4000M : BATHYPELAGIC ZONE
4000M – 6000M : ABYSSOPELAGIC ZONE
6000M – 11000M : HADOPELAGIC ZONE

15. LIFESTYLES
3 BASIC LIFESTYLES
PLANKTON
NEKTON
BENTHOS

16. PLANKTON FLOATERS OR VERY POOR SWIMMERS 2 GROUPS
PHYTOPLANKTON : PRODUCERS, PHOTOSYNTHESIZERS
ZOOPLANKTON : CONSUMERS

17. PHYTOPLANKTON MUST LIVE IN PHOTIC ZONE
MOST ABUNDANT IN SHALLOW COASTAL AREAS OR IN UPWELLING ZONES
BASIS OF OCEANIC FOOD CHAIN

18. PHYTOPLANKTON
CYANOBACTERIA
DIATOMS
COCCOLITHOPHORES
DINOFLAGELLATES

19. ZOOPLANKTON
FORAMINIFERS
RADIOLARIANS
COMBJELLIES
ANTHROPODS
LARVAE

20. PLANKTON MEROPLANKTON HOLOPLANKTON
SPEND ONLY PART OF THEIR LIFE CYCLES AS PLANKTON
ARE THE LARVAL STAGES OF ORGANISMS THAT GROW TO BECOME BENTHIC OR NEKTONIC ORGANISMS
HOLOPLANKTON
SPEND THEIR ENTIRE LIFE CYCLES AS PLANKTON

21. NEKTON FREE SWIMMERS MANEUVER ACTIVELY IN WATER COLUMN
FOUND IN THE WATER COLUMN FROM SURFACE TO FLOOR

22. NEKTON
5 CATEGORIES
REPTILES
MAMMALS
FISH
ANTHROPODS
MOLLUSKS

23. NEKTON
MARINE REPTILES
TURTLES
SNAKES
CROCODILES
IGUANAS

24. NEKTON
MARINE MAMMALS
WHALES
SEALS
OTTERS
MANATEES
DOLPHINS

25. NEKTON
BONY FISH
TUNA
BARRACUDA
EELS
ANGLER FISH

26. NEKTON
CARTILAGINOUS FISH
SHARKS
RAYS
SKATES

27. NEKTON
MARINE ANTHROPODS
SHRIMP
CRABS
LOBSTERS
HORSESHOE CRABS

28. NEKTON
MOLLUSKS
SQUID
OCTOPI
SNAILS
MUSSELS
CLAMS

29. BENTHOS BOTTOM DWELLERS LIVE ON OR ARE ATTACHED TO BOTTOM
FILTER FEEDERS OR SCAVENGERS
2 TYPES
SESSILE : LIVE ATTACHED TO BOTTOM
VAGRANT : ABLE TO MOVE

30. BENTHOS - SESSILE BARNACLES SPONGES CORALS SEA ANEMONES OYSTERS CLAMS
STEAMERS, MMM

31. BENTHOS - VAGRANT CRABS SEA STARS SEA CUCUMBERS SEA URCHINS
BRITTLE STARS

32. SEA LIFE