 Separate but equal  Jim Crow Laws  Voting restricted

 Poll Taxes  Literacy tests  Voting became all white

 What would allow segregation to be the law of the land?

 Supreme Court Case  Plessy v Ferguson  1896

 Taft believed blacks and whites could never live together and his solution was for blacks to leave country.

 Wilson did nothing to help blacks  Wilson ordered blacks working for federal government separated

 Roosevelt did more for equality in employment than any other president before him

 Truman did speak out against bigotry  Criticize violence against blacks

 Blacks fought bravely in World War I  Treated better in Europe than at home

 Depression hit blacks harder than whites  Up to 60% were unemployed

Background  Post WWI & WWII movement to urban areas  African Americans influencing party politics by the 1950s  Conflicting feelings about Cold War message of freedom and democracy.

 Landmark in Desegregation  Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954)  Federal troops uphold in Little Rock, Ark.  Little Rock 9  Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955)  Rosa Parks, MLK, Jr.  Civil Rights Acts of 1957 & 1960  First since Reconstruction  SCLC  Greensboro sit-in  SNCC

 Broke “Color Barrier” in Major League Baseball by signing with the Brooklyn Dodgers.

 15 states require by law to keep public schools segregated.  Soon Brown v. Board of Education will overturn this ruling.

May 1954, the Supreme Court overturned Plessy v. Ferguson and the "separate but equal" doctrine. Segregation of children in public schools on the basis of race was unconstitutional and discrimination. States ordered to integrate their schools. Brown vs. Board of Education, Topeka, Kansas

1955- all states must comply with Brown v. Board of Education ruling

Refused, arrested and fined $10 for sitting in the white section. Blacks refused to ride buses until the law was changed. Begins the Civil Rights Era as a national movement to bring about equality for Black Americans. Refused, arrested and fined $10 for sitting in the white section. Blacks refused to ride buses until the law was changed. Begins the Civil Rights Era as a national movement to bring about equality for Black Americans. December 1955, Rosa Parks, a 42 year old black woman, was ordered by a Montgomery bus driver to give up her seat to white passengers.

Rosa Parks case led to the against segregation on public buses Rosa Parks case led to the Montgomery Bus Boycott against segregation on public buses. Led by Martin Luther King, Jr and lasted one year. Montgomery City Government ended segregation. Rosa Parks case led to the against segregation on public buses Rosa Parks case led to the Montgomery Bus Boycott against segregation on public buses. Led by Martin Luther King, Jr and lasted one year. Montgomery City Government ended segregation. Martin Luther King, Jr *Leader for Black Civil Rights *End Jim Crow *Promote integration *Increase voting rights *Bring about a true democracy *Rights deprived since Civil War

Dr. King called the non violent movement “Soul Force”

little rock in Little Rock, Arkansas was the first high school in the South to integrate.Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas was the first high school in the South to integrate. 1958, sent Federal troops to accompany the nine black students attending an all white high school , President Eisenhower sent Federal troops to accompany the nine black students attending an all white high school... in Little Rock, Arkansas was the first high school in the South to integrate.Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas was the first high school in the South to integrate. 1958, sent Federal troops to accompany the nine black students attending an all white high school , President Eisenhower sent Federal troops to accompany the nine black students attending an all white high school...

 Carried out nonviolent crusades against racism.  Used sit ins, marches, and protests.

 Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee  SNCC

 Marches  Sit ins  Demonstrations  Boycotts

 Rode buses into segregated bus terminals throughout the South to protest racism and voter registration.  Many were met with bombings and fire.  U.S. Marshalls ordered to protect them.  Included cities such as Nashville, Huntsville, Chattanooga, and Jackson, MS.

Government bans segregation on all interstate facilities including lunch counters and restrooms.

 1 st African American student at Ole Miss  He had to be protected by federal troops that stayed on campus.

1965 University of Alabama becomes desegregated despite the protest of Alabama’s racist Governor George Wallace and racist Police Commissioner Bull Connor.

 200,000 African Americans led by Martin Luther King, Jr.  Inspired by MLK, Jr “I Have A Dream” speech.  Purpose- to create better jobs and opportunities for minorities.

Martin Luther King, Jr. delivered his “I Have a Dream” speech here.

 1000 civil rights protesters arrested.  Police Commissioner Bull Connor orders use of German Shepards, teargas, and fire hoses to subdue the crowd.  Was filmed on national T.V. and turned many in favor of civil rights.

 Civil rights leader who was murdered in his driveway. Jackson, MS.

 4 African American girls were killed in the church bombing.  Caused a public outpouring for civil rights.

 President John F. Kennedy was assassinated by Lee Harvey Oswald.  Oswald was shot and killed by Jack Ruby.  JFK was pushing civil rights bills before he was assassinated.  Lyndon B. Johnson will be President after JFK was assassinated.

 Passed by President Lyndon Johnson.  Banned Jim Crow voter practices  Prohibited discrimination in public places  Equal employment opportunity

 Elimination of literacy tests.  Being bias is no longer an issue.  Public officials could no longer block African Americans from registering from voting.

 Los Angeles, CA.  An arrest of a black motorist caused massive riots.  Lasted 5 days and 34 were dead.  3000 were arrested and there was $20 million in damages.

 Joined Nation of Islam  Assassinated by them after he abandoned their black vs. white philosophy.

 Call for black unity to build a sense of humanity.  Arm themselves against racists.

 Bobby Seale and Huey Newton  New Militant group that wanted African Americans to lead their own communities.  Wanted to rebuild the nation’s ghettos and combat police brutality.

 Marin Luther King, Jr. was assassinated by James Earl Ray.  Ray was sentenced to life in prison.

 Crusader for civil rights.  He was assassinated and was the Democratic Nominee for President.

 1. Desegregation of public schools/neighborhoods/other public places.  2. Equality in voting.  3. Equality in workplace=better pay and opportunities for advancement.  4. Elimination of Jim Crow Laws. 24 th Amendment outlawed poll taxes.