Btec Sport and Leadership

 1 X Practical- we will do as many fitness tests as possible in the Bottom Gym!  2 X Classroom  Discussing which methods relate to which fitness component, the advantages & disadvantages of each tes, inc interpreting data using normative tables and nomographs.  Exam questions lesson

1- The ability of the muscular system to work efficiently over a period of time 2- The range of movement at a joint 3- This is a product of strength x speed 4- A smooth flow of movement needed to perform a complex task 5- The ability to maintain a centre of mass over a base of support 6- The maximum force that can be generated by a muscle. Strength, balance, co-ordination, power, flexibility, muscular endurance EXT- Can you name a test for each of these components????

 Baseline data for coach so compare to normative data  Starting point to design a program  Sets goals & targets  Appropriate recommendations can be made for fitness improvements.

 Gain informed consent to confirm that:  They are able to follow the test method  Know exactly what is required during the test  Has consented to participating  Know they are able to ask their teacher/coach questions  They can withdraw at any time.

 Calibrate equipment- check before use & compare to a recognised standard or it could lead to inaccurate results!  Practice the tests before recording results  Appropriate data collection sheet  Use correct measurement units e.g. cm, secs, nomograms (special charts).  Use published normative data tables.

 Reliability- repeat results and get similar results = reliability. Sub-maximal (can be repeated on same day) & maximal fitness test (separate day test-retest)! I’m shattered after the Multi-stage fitness test! I can’t do it again today ‘cos my results won’t be reliable! I’m not tired after doing the sit and reach- I could easily repeat it and get reliable results!

 Validity – accuracy of results. E.g. Is the hand grip dynamometer test an accurate ( VALID) measure of strength?  Practicality- easy? Cost? Large groups? I have awesome body strength EVERYWHERE! The hand-grip is a valid test for me! I have strong legs but not wrists- so the hand grip isn’t a valid test for me :( !

TestAdvantagesDisadvantages Sit and reach (flexibility) Multi stage fitness test (Aerobic endurance) Illinois agility run (Agility) Use the next page to put the correct advantage and disadvantage into the correct column for each test…

TestAdvantagesDisadvantages Sit and reach (flexibility) Multi stage fitness test (Aerobic endurance) Illinois agility run (Agility)

AdsDisads Simple to do- no specialist equipment needed Not suitable for all e.g. elderly Quick Published norms tablesFavours sports performers, particularly those with strong legs e.g. runners! Modified tests exist Large numbers at onceReliability/validity- ppts need to time run accurately with the “bleep!” Good predictions of aerobic endurance as long as work to maximal levels Need to use standard layout consistent with normative published results tables Motivation affects results! Validity- flexibility in lower back only? Little/no costDifferent methods- warm up could affect results as it increases flexibility. EasySurface used can affect time & injury Valid for games players.Inconsistencies with accuracy of timing Left/right turning ability not shown

TestAdvantagesDisadvantages Sit and reach (flexibility) EasyValidity- flexibility in lower back only? Quick Published norms tablesDifferent methods- warm up could affect results as it increases flexibility. Modified tests exist Multi stage fitness test (Aerobic endurance) Little/no costReliability/validity- ppts need to time run accurately with the “bleep!” Not suitable for all e.g. elderly Large numbers at once Motivation affects results! Good predictions of aerobic endurance as long as work to maximal levels Favours sports performers, particularly those with strong legs e.g. runners! Illinois agility run (Agility) Little/no costSurface used can affect time & injury Need to use standard layout consistent with normative published results tables Simple to do- no specialist equipment needed Inconsistencies with accuracy of timing Left/right turning ability not shown Valid for games players.

 Skinfold (body composition): J-P nomograph  Vertical jump (anaerobic power): Lewis nomograph.  Task: Can you work out the results for the following person using the nomographs?  Big Joe!: ▪ Vertical jump – his weight is 100kg & the difference between his standing and jump height is 40. What is his power (kgm/s)? ▪ Body composition (skinfold) - his 3 skinfold results for chest, abs & thighs = 80cm. His age is 16. What is his % body fat? 135kgm 20-21%

 Skinfold (J-P)  Vertical jump (Lewis) 1.Mark the 2 pieces of information given in the Q with a cross (red). 2.Join together with a straight line 3.Answer= where the line crosses on the middle axis (purple circle)!

 Probably the most used widely used for the general population.  Not always valid as muscle weighs more than fat! E.g. a body builder would probably be classed obese!  BMI = Body weight (kg) Height (m) X Height (m) Task: Britney has a weight of 80kg and a height of 1.5m. What is her BMI rating? RatingBMI (kg/m²) Desirable20-25 Overweight26-30 Obese and increased risk of CHD = obese

 Predicts % body fat  You need a BIA machine- the theory is that fat-free mass (muscle, bone, connective tissue) conducts electricity but fat mass DOES NOT!  The higher resistance to a weak electric current (BIA) the higher body fat %.  For the test to be valid you should not exercise for 12 hours prior, eat or drink up to 4 hours before or drink caffeine beforehand.

Rating Males per cent body fat (16-29yrs) Females per cent body fat (16-29yrs) Very Low Fat<7<13 Slim Ideal Overweight Obese Put the following stages into the most appropriate order for completing the BIA test: Method 1.Lie down removing right sock/shoe. 2.Attach cable leads to electrodes 3.% body fat result displayed on BIA machine. 4.BIA electrodes placed on right wrist, hand, ankle & foot. 5.Urinate 30mins prior to test. 6.Enter data on machine (inc age, gender, height, weight, activity level.) 7.Lie still as weak electric current passes through. This takes 2 seconds. Extension: What would someone’s rating be if they were a female scoring 27% on the BIA test? Answers- 5, 1,4,2,6,7,3 Ext: Overweight

 Looking at your sheets now we will look into this form of Fitness testing.  This was in the test the exam board has sent out to us.

 95xY 95xY  yuTU yuTU

1. Work out the Aerobic endurance (VO2 Max AND rating) of the following using the tables:  A male that gets a pulse count of 32 on the Forestry step test with a weight of 59.1kg.  A female that gets to level 10, shuttle 8 on the Multi- stage fitness test. 2.Have a go at the past exam questions on ‘Fitness Testing’. 47 VO2 Max, Very Good 49.3 VO2 Max, Good

Gender ExcellentGoodAverageBelow AveragePoor Male More than Less than 30 Female More than Less than 28

SuperiorExcellentVery Good GoodFairPoorVery Poor Age/ Gender Maximum oxygen consumption (ml/kg/min) 15 yr old male Less than yr old female Less than yr old male Less than yr old female Less than 28

FlexibilityAgility Cardiovascular endurance Muscular Strength Anaerobic Power Muscular endurance Press Up Test Illinois agility test Bleep test/ forestry step test Vertical jump Hand Grip dynamometer Sit and Reach