1. 11PDHPE Preliminary Course
Core 2: Focus Question 2
What is the relationship between physical fitness, training and movement efficiency?

2. Components of physical fitness
Physical fitness is important in establishing and maintaining total body health. Physical fitness has a number of components which contribute to total body fitness. These components can be grouped into health related components and skill related components.
Health Related Components are related to our personal health and can reduce the event of lifestyle diseases occurring such as heart disease, obesity, and diabetes. The health related components are:-
- Cardiorespiratory Endurance
- Muscular Strength
- Muscular Endurance
- Flexibility
- Body Composition

3. Components of physical fitness
Health –related fitness components respond positively to physical exercise. For example, exercise can help us lose weight, improve muscle tone and assist in prevention of lower back pain. However, exercise should not be considered in isolation. Other factors such as heredity, environment, nutrition and lifestyle practices all contribute to total body health.

4. Components of physical fitness
Skill Related Components are related to sports performance and the ability to execute activities. The skill related components are:-
- Power
- Agility
- Coordination
- Balance
- Reaction Time
- Speed
An improvement in health-related fitness components improves personal health and lifestyle including lowering the risk of hypokinetic disease.
Hypokinetic diseases is a term given to modern lifestyle diseases associated with inactivity.
These include condition such as: heart disease, obesity, high blood pressure, insomnia, diabetes and depression

5. Component
Definition
Important in …
Suitable test
Cardiorespiratory endurance
The ability of the heart, lungs, and circulatory system to supply oxygen and nutrients efficiently to working muscles and remove waste products.
Endurance events such as cycling, triathlons, and marathon running
Multistage fitness test
1.6km run
Step test
Muscular strength
The ability to exert force against a resistance in a single maximal effort.
-> improves performance and reduces the risk of injury
Weightlifting, gymnastics, rugby
Dynamometers
1 RM tests
Muscular endurance
The ability to sustain or repeat a muscular effort for a relatively long period of time.
Cycling, cross-country running, skiing, rowing
Sit-up test
Push-up test
Flexibility
Range of motion about a joint.
-> helps prevent injury, improves posture
Most sports
Sit-and-reach test
Body composition
Refers to the percentage of fat as opposed to lean body mass (bone, muscle, organs, connective tissue).
Health and physical performance
BMI
Skinfold tests
Power
The combination of strength and speed in an explosive action.
Running, throwing, jumping
Standing long jump
Vertical jump
Agility
The ability to change direction with speed.
Team sports
Illinois agility run
Coordination
Smooth, well controlled movements.
-> requires good interaction between the brain and muscles
All sports
Hand wall toss
Balance
The ability to maintain equilibrium while either stationary (static) or moving (dynamic).
All activities
Stork stand
Reaction time
The time taken to respond to a stimulus.
Starts in athletics and swimming, shooting
Ruler test
Speed
The ability to perform body movements quickly.
Sprint events, team games
50m sprint

6. Components of physical fitness
15 minute challenge: You have 15 minutes to put together a PowerPoint presentation on your component of fitness you have selected. Your PowerPoint can be no longer than 4 slides.
And can only go for 5 minutes.
You must cover the following areas:
1) Define component and any key terms.
2) Outline it’s importance to health/impact on body
3) Describe the fitness test
4) Outlines ratings for given fitness test (ie. What constitutes poor/fair/average/good/excellent)

7. Components of physical fitness
Critical Inquiry
Define the term ‘fitness’.
Based on this definition, rate your level of fitness.
Explain the reasons for the rating you gave.
Describe the factors that influence your current level of fitness.
Examine the possible roles that the health-related and skill-related physical fitness components play in movement efficiency. Use examples to explain your answer.